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Pronounce the following words paying attention to the short and long vowels.

[ɔ:]order, war, shore, accordance, quarter, launch

[ɔ]economy, product, commerce

[a:]market, advantage, margin, forecast

[ʌ]industrial, production, couple, company, monetary, multinational

[i:]steel, degree

[i]industry, significant, business, mixture, decision, committee

[u:]lose, group

[u] output

 

Grammar exercises

Translate the following sentences into Russian. Make them negative and interrogative.

1. In the UK there were over 27 million tourists in 2004.

2. There are several economic regions in GB.

3. There are significant amounts of coal, small deposits of iron, limestone, black tin and gravel.

4. There is little heavy industry in London.

 

Insert the verb “to be”.

1. There … much unemployment in South Wales today.

2. There … a lot of cattle-farms and farms where milk, butter and cheese are produced.

3. There … no question of taking privatized enterprises back into public ownership.

4. There … plans to increase car production.

5. The Industrial Revolution … a period from the 18-th to the 19-th century where there … major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transport and technology.

 

Insert “it is” or “there is”.

1. … a highly developed heavy industry in the UK. … shipbuilding, coal mining and steel production.

2. … certain powers and rights that the Queen has. … the Queen who signs every Bill.

3. London is the largest financial centre. … some Stock Exchanges there. Some are known all over the world. And first of all … the London Stock Exchange.

4. Tourism is very important to the British economy. … a lot of places of interest in the country. Royal residence is among them. … Buckingham Palace.

5. … four parts in the UK. England is the largest part. … the most developed part.

6. … two houses in the British Parliament. The House of Commons is presided over the Speaker. … an elected chamber.

7. In the UK everything is done in the name of the Queen. … her government, her armed forces and so on.

 

Insert personal and possessive pronouns.

1. The Queen has certain rights. But … power is limited by Parliament. But officially … is the head of the state.

2. The British Parliament is in the Westminster Palace. … has two chambers. … are the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

3. The Prince of Wales is a Crown Prince. … is the Queen’s eldest son.

4. The most essential element of currency system is banknotes of countries and … ability to serve as a medium of exchange.

5. Parliament has the power to determine the length of … own term.

6. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland possess … own legislatures and executives.

7. Public schools are free from state control. … are independent. Most of … are very prestigious.

 

Insert demonstrative pronouns.

1. Manufacturing is very significant for Britain’s economy. Motor industry is a part of … sector.

2. Trade relations between countries are very important. … relations are regulated by currency system.

3. The UK is a constitutional monarchy: succession to the British throne is hereditary, governed by the principle of male preference primogeniture, but excludes Roman Catholics or … who marry Roman Catholics.

4. When one party has an absolute majority in the House of Commons, the Sovereign appoints the leader of … party as Prime Minister.

5. People in countries outside the British Isles often call the inhabitants of the UK English. … is incorrect. The UK has at least four nationalities. … four nationalities are the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish.

 

Translate the sentences, paying attention to reflexive pronouns.

1. There are many Acts of Parliament which themselves have constitutional significance.

2. The government sought to strengthen the economу bу spending heavilу itself.

3. The Queen herself is a sуmbol of the UK.

4. In the 1990s individuals and eventuallу the government itself sued tobacco companies over the health risks of cigarette smoking.

 

Insert indefinite pronouns.

1. The organization is open to … country ready to accept the aims and principles of it.

2. There are … top universities in Great Britain.

3. Would you like … to eat.

4. There is … behind us.

5. I didn΄t realize that … was recording our conversation.

 

Insert the article where it is necessary.

1. The economy of … United Kingdom of … Great Britain and … Northern Ireland is made up of the economies of its parts: … England, … Scotland, … Wales and … Northern Ireland.

2. … UK is … fifth largest economy in … world.

3. The British motor industry is … significant part of … manufacturing.

4. … London is … world’s largest financial centre with … London Stock Exchange.

5. … City of London is … business centre.

6. … Prime Minister is … First Lord of … Treasury.

7. … Bank of England is … central bank of … country.

Insert prepositions.

The traditional economic strength … Britain, as a pioneer … the industrial revolution, has been manufacturing. Britain is one of the most highly industrialized countries … the world: for every person employed … agriculture, twelve are employed in industry. Most … the gross national product comes … manufacturing (iron and steel, engineering, textiles, chemicals, food products and consumer goods), mining and quarrying, construction and public utilities.

There have been considerable changes … the industrial structure since mid-19th century. … the mid-1970s the newer industries (electrical and electronics manufacturing, petroleum products and others) were producing a much larger share of the total industrial output. Mining and quarrying activities have declined … importance. Production in the mid-1980s is only half as much as it was … World War I; the main reason was a decline in coal output. Since coal-mining is by far the most important of Britain's mining activities, the rise … output in other kinds of mining was not great enough to offset the decline in major one.

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