Find the sentences containing the Absolute Participial Construction. Translate them into Russian.

1. The forms of ownership are constantly developing.

2. A borderline form is complete outsourcing or contracting out, with a privately owned corporation delivering the entire service on behalf of government.

3. With the development of civilization they changed.

4. Publicly owned corporations differ from direct administration in that they have greater commercial freedoms and are expected to operate according to commercial criteria.

5. The decision about proper matters for the public sector is probably the most important dividing line among socialist, liberal, conservative, and libertarian political philosophy, with socialists preferring greater state inVolvement, libertarians faVoring minimal state inVolvement, and conservatives and liberals faVoring state inVolvement in some aspects of the society but not others.

7. 1) Find in the text “PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS OF ECONOMY” 1) Participles I and define their functions. 2) State the tense forms of the predicates in the text.

7. Read the text“PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS OF ECONOMY” and translate it into Russian.

Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises

9. Give Russian equivalents.

With the development of civilization; private ownership; to optimize the structure of national economy; to act in their own selfish interests; subsidized housing; basic importance; administering urban planning; state-owned enterprises.

10. Give English equivalents.

Формы собственности; государственная собственность; определенные преимущества; средства производства; все виды энергии; на благо общества; национальная безопасность; доставка товаров и услуг.

11. Choose synonyms (antonyms) from the following list.

Harmful, advantage, due to, illegal, important, safety, public ownership, harmless, ownership, significant, private ownership, disadvantage, legal, property, security, state ownership, thanks to.

12. Insert prepositions.

1. Economic and administrative life … the public sector deals … the delivery of goods and services … and … the government.

2. Direct administration funded … taxation.

3. … the development … civilization the forms … ownership changed.

4. State ownership is very effective … it has certain advantages thanks … its functions and the abilities to perform macroregulation.

5. Certain industries and services are basic, … that everything else depends … them.

6. All forms of power must be operated … the good … the community.

7. Certain services must be provided … the state … the safety … public.

8. Some enterprises cannot operate … a profit.

9. But public ownership is less effective … most cases … other forms.

10. Predominance … state ownership results … state monopoly which is very harmful … country’s economy.

13. Fill in the blanks with the Vocabulary on the text.

1. The forms of … are constantly developing with the … of civilization.

2. There are two most important forms of ownership. They are … and … or … ownership.

3. Public sector activity ranges from delivering … … administering … … and organizing … … .

4. State-owned … have greater commercial freedom than direct administration.

5. State ownership may be very effective thanks to its … .

6. One of the advantages of the public … is to … the structure of national economy.

7. Some people … that many forms of private ownership should be … .

8. Certain industries and services are basic, in that everything else … them.

9. Predominance of state ownership results in state monopoly which is very … for country’s economy and population but very … for producer.

Prompts: urban planning, private, abolished, harmful, development, state, advantages, optimize, maintain, depends on, national defences, profitable, public, ownership (2), enterprises, social security.

14. Answer the questions on the text. Use the following expressions to begin your answer:

Ø The text tells the readers …

Ø I suppose …

Ø I think …

Ø I am certain that …

Ø If I got it right …

Ø It seems to me …

Ø In my opinion …

1. What are the most important forms of ownership?

2. What does the public sector deal with?

3. What are examples of public sector activity?

4. What are the forms of public ownership?

5. How do state-owned enterprises differ from direct administration?

6. Why may state ownership be very effective?

7. What are the justifications for having public ownership?

8. What is the point of view of people, who want to abolish private ownership?

9. What industries are called basic?

10. Why should not private owners be allowed to operate basic industries?

11. What services should be provided by state for the sake of national security?

12. What does predominance of state ownership result in?

13. What is private property considered to be?

15. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.

1. The forms of ownership are constant.

2. With the development of civilization the forms of ownership didn’t change.

3. There are two main forms of ownership: private and public ownership.

4. Direct administration has greater commercial freedom than state-owned enterprises.

5. State ownership is not very effective as it has only disadvantages.

6. The advantages of public ownership are to perform macroregulation, to optimize the structure of national economy.

7. Some people maintain that many forms of private ownership such as land, coal, oil, gas should be abolished.

8. Certain services are provided by the state for the safety of public because they are profitable.

9. Everything depends upon basic industries and services.

10. Health services, state schools, subsidized housing, etc. are in the hands of the state due to their high profits.

11. Predominance of state ownership results in state monopoly which is very harmful for country’s economy and population but very profitable for producer.

16. Complete the following sentences according to the text.

1. With the development of civilization the forms of ownership …

2. The public sector is the part …

3. State-owned enterprises differ from …

4. State ownership may be very effective …

5. The justifications for having public ownership are: …

6. Some people maintain …

7. Basic industries must be operated …

8. Certain services must be provided by …

9. State ownership is less effective in most cases than other forms. It is explained by …

10. Predominance of state ownership results in …

11. Thus only state monopoly is undesirable …

17. Arrange sentences according to the text.

1. Publicly owned corporations differ from direct administration in greater commercial freedom.

2. Certain services must be provided by the state for the safety of the public because it would be dangerous to leave them in private hands.

3. They hold the view that the means of production should belong to and be developed for the people as a whole.

4. But state ownership is less effective in most cases than other forms.

5. State ownership may be very effective as it has certain advantages thanks to its functions the abilities to perform macroregulation, to form strategy of societal economic development in general and so on.

6. They must be operated for the good of the community and industry generally because everyone would suffer if private owners were allowed to act in their own selfish interests.

7. The justifications for having public ownership are: political attitudes, basic importance, national security.

8. Direct administration is funded through taxation.

9. Predominance of state ownership results in state monopoly which is very harmful for country’s economy and population but very profitable for producer.

10. Some people maintain that many forms of private ownership should be abolished.

11. There are many essentials which cannot be provided by private enterprise because they cannot operate at a profit.

12. Certain industries and services are basic, in that everything else depends upon them.

13. The public sector is the part of economic and administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services.

14. It is explained by the fact that this form of ownership exists in areas where the market potential is limited and labour motivation is low.

18. Make up a plan of the text.

19. Speak on the forms of ownership.