Ex.4. Complete each sentence, using say, tell or speak in an appropriate form.

1. He … a few words about this account.

2. She can … a few European languages.

3. Don’t … me that this advert is important.

4. Can you … me the way to the nearest advertising agency?

5. She … she is interested in our goods.

6. I can …that these goods are in great demand.

7. We … with the advertiser about this problem.

8. Neither of my parents … English.

9. The magazine also … about advertising in Italy.

10. She … me that she would be late.

11. I … to my secretary and she … she would phone you.

12. Why don’t you … what you mean?

Speech and Discussion

Ex.1. Talk to your groupmate about advertising. Think about:

s the role and the purpose of advertising;

s the advantages and disadvantages of using various advertising media;

s the best way/place to advertise products and services.

Ex.2. Discuss with your groupmates:

s What are the best and the worst adverts in Ukraine at the moment?

s What do you think advertising agencies should or shouldn’t do?

s Do you think that the world would be better off without advertising?

Ex.3. Can you think of any new and innovative ways to advertise?

Ex.4. Familiarize yourself with the following idioms. Consult your dictionary and translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Think of situations where you could use them.

1. If you want any information, ask Mrs. Jones. She knows her onions.

2. I can’t lend you $ 10, because I’m really hard up this month.

3. I wish I hadn’t paid Brown all that money in advance; he has taken me for a ride.

4. I don’t care two pence what Martin thinks.

5. “It’s high time we did away with red tape!” a voice called.

Ex.5. Comment on the following:

“Doing business without advertising is like winking at a girl in the dark. You know what you are doing, but nobody else does.”

(Anonymous)

TEST 3 (UNIT III)

Choose the word or word combination to match the definition.

1. An advertisement on radio or on television.

2. A phrase used in advertisements to attract attention to the product.

3. The perception that the public has of a person or organization.

4. A company which sells goods or equipment to another company.

5. The group of people that the company wants to buy the product.

6. A customer of someone who provides a professional service.

7. An organized movement for consumer protection.

8. The study of what products and services customers might like to buy.

9. A group of consumers for whom a business has designed a product and marketing strategy.

10. The company that sells the largest amount of a specific commodity in a particular area.

11. Items created to be used in everyday life.

12. Goods that can be imported without customs duties.

13. Something that earns a lot of money.

14. A product sold at a loss to encourage trade.

15. The movement of goods to places where they can be sold.

16. The amount of money for which something can be bought or sold.

17. An exhibition where companies in a particular industry display their products to potential buyers.

18. The work of presenting a good image of an organization to the public.

19. The combination of factors that influence sales and can be controlled by a company, these include product, pricing, promotion and place.

20. Bringing in more money than is spent.

Unit IV business and finance

Lesson 1

Text: Costs. Assets and Liabilities

Grammar: Reported Questions, Orders, Requests

Terms to remember:

Costs. Assets and Liabilities

The money that a business spends in order to produce goods or services is its costs. Different businesses have different cost structures and define and calculate their costs in different ways. One way of classifying the costs of a business is to relate them to the output of the firm.

Fixed costs are those which remain unchanged whatever the level of output, e.g. rent, heating, interest charges, salaries; variable costs change directly with the output of the business, e.g. materials.

Direct costs are directly related to the things produced. In manufacturing, for example, direct costs include raw materials and wages.

Indirect costs may include things like social security charges on top of the wages.

Overhead costs or overheads are used to mean different things, but usually cover all the regular non-production costs of running a business, such as salaries and telephone bills; they may include the cost of marketing.

Costs are also referred to as expenses or expenditure.

Things of value owned by a firm are its assets. Fixed assets are long-term assets which are for use in the business and not for re-sale (land, buildings, furniture, equipment, etc.)

Current assets are used in the course of business. They include cash, receivables, bank deposits and investments in other companies.

The assets help generate the income of the company.

Liabilities are what a business owes to those outside the business (suppliers, lenders, etc.).

Liabilities are classified as either long-term liabilities which are due for repayment after more than one year, or current liabilities which are short-term debts and debts to suppliers the company expects to pay within one year.

Exercises in Word Study

Ex.1. Form verbs from the following nouns:

expenditure, receivables, generation, cost, definition, calculation, investment, classification, repayment, expectation.

Ex.2. Give the English for:

виробляти товари та послуги; витрати; структура витрат; підраховувати витрати; основні витрати; обсяг виробництва; заробітна платня; змінні витрати; прямі витрати; сировина; непрямі витрати; накладні витрати; активи та пасиви; неліквідні активи; перепродаж; поточні оборотні активи; готівка; рахунки дебіторів; дохід компанії; довгострокові (короткострокові) зобов’язання; борг.

Ex.3. Match words from list A with words from list B that have a similar meaning:

Ex.4. Find suitable opposites to the following words and phrases:

assets, to own, current liabilities, fixed assets, withdrawal, bottom, revenue.

Ex.5. Match the nouns in the left hand column with the verbs in the right hand column: