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INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS OF SHIP AUTOMATION

 

Shipbuilding has been always based on the new technologies. During the past years the development of the ships has been based on the implementation of the new solutions of the traditional shipbuilding subjects - hydromechanics, strength of materials and energy. A bit later the main priority was given to the application of physical fields (acoustic, electromagnetic, radiolocation, heat, radiation, etc.). Considerable results have been reached in all the above sectors.

The development of the shipbuilding in the past 20 years has been characterized by the degree of using electronic systems. During a historically short period the shipbuilders have passed the way from automated ships' rudders and some automated weapons on warships to complicated systems of automatic control of the ships' power stations, equipment and movement. A fully integrated system of control is being developed. The modern automated ship controls have high degree of reliability, high survival rate, big volume and high rate of signal processing.

The new tasks and principles allow formulating the new general requirements to the perspective ships. The most important of them are as follows.

- multi role nature of a ship in general;

- universal nature of electronic systems;

- high survival rate;

- maximum compatibility with foreign ships and possibility of cooperating;

- maximum level of ecological safety;

- improved living conditions;

- highly ergonomic machinery.

The multi role nature of large ships as well as the complicated nature of their operations excludes the suggestion to make the ships fully automatic even in the remote future. Therefore the development of ship automation should be based on further integrating separate functional systems, extending their intellectual level and the number of the instruments that can be used. The most perspective direction of automating the ship and introducing robots is ensuring the viability during various damages, as well as servicing potentially dangerous units and systems.

Modern shipbuilders have practically completed changing over to the use of the most modern electronic components and hardware. This enables to assess prospects and philosophies for configuring complex control systems for engineering systems (CCS ES) of the XXI century. The new-generation systems, which should become intellectual, will be designed based on the following principles.

- integration of CCS ES subsystems based on a common (uniform) set of components;

- increase of the share of warning or prediction control actions in addition to the existing damage-response control actions;

- development of computer-aided safety systems;

- increase of the automation level;

- introduction of distributed network architecture based on a common telecommunication net with enhanced reliability and survivability features;

- transition from the concept of operator and technical control station to the philosophy of management-and-engineering systems;

- connection to an integrated information space of the ship;

- establishment of CALS (Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support) technologies for the development of our products and for supervising them through all stages of their service lives.

The example of the above-described approach is the development of integrated ride control systems, in which a crucial component is the integrated bridge control system (IBC).

It is necessary to clarify the notion of IBC because it is often understood as just a variety of systems assembled in a single control panel. The future IBC will truly integrate different ship controls into a unified inter-related system.

The IBC consists of computer-aided modular workstations for the skipper, the watch officer and the steersman. These modules serve for.

- data acquisition, analysis and display;

- ship navigation safety;

- ship heading and speed controls, remote monitoring for the main power plant, the electric generating plant, etc.

In the automatic mode, the IBC caters for ship steering and navigation safety, controls the set course and speed, monitors principal parameters of the main power plant, controls hull systems. Additionally, the IBC directs crew actions underway, in harbours and unsheltered roadsteads, monitors environment conditions in principal ship spaces.

The main idea implemented in the IBC is integrating the indication of data arriving from terminals, hull system and hardware controls into a single unified system.

So, intelligent systems of ship automation will be certain to ensure a new quality level of ship equipment control systems; will enhance efficiency, reliability, survivability and safety of onboard engineering systems and of naval and commercial ships in general.

 

Ex. 18. Summarize the main points of the unit in a form of a short report. Add some new information if you can.

SUPPLEMENTARY TEXTS

 

VESSEL FAMILIARIZATION

 

While Staffing a Liner

Any Line Company ensures that no personnel will be assigned to perform any duties on a seagoing vessel unless they have received sufficient information and instruction in a number of subjects affecting personal safety.

The objective of Vessel Familiarization Training is to ensure all seafarers, including those who are working on a ship for the first time, know basic personal safety information that may save their lives and the lives of others in the event of an emergency.

Minimum Requirements for the Vessel Personnel

Before being assigned to shipboard duties, all persons employed or engaged on a seagoing ship other than passengers, shall receive approved familiarization training in personal survival techniques or receive sufficient information and instruction to be able to.

1. Communicate with other persons on board on elementary safety matters and understand safety information symbols, signs and alarm signals;

2. Know what to do if. a person falls overboard, fire or smoke is detected, or the general alarm is sounded;

3. Identify muster and embarkation stations and emergency escape routes;

4. Locate and put on life jackets;

5. Raise the alarm and have basic knowledge of the use of portable fire extinguishers;

6. Take immediate action upon encountering an accident or other medical emergency before seeking further medical assistance on board;

7. Close and open the watertight, fire and weathertight doors fitted in the particular ship other than those for hull openings.

Signs on the ship are divided by color code.

- A sign that has a green background is related to lifesaving.

- A sign with a red background is related to fire equipment and fire fighting.

- A sign with a blue background indicates caution.

- A sign with a yellow background indicates warning.

An emergency escape route is a path that leads from a cabin or a work place to the muster stations or the open decks. Emergency escape routes are marked with symbols and arrows showing in which direction to go. Emergency lighting escape route indicators are installed on board the ship. In the event of an emergency, a low level guidance system will be operated automatically. This consists of a lighted strip and it will lead to an exit. If there is smoke in the corridor keep close to the floor and crawl if necessary to avoid breathing the smoke and be able to see more clearly.

Alarm signals and codes are given on board a ship to indicate emergencies. These signals are sounded on the ship's whistle and Public Address (PA) system. Alarm signals are given as a combination of short and long "blasts" and/or bells.

Systems Of Signals

Codes. Coded announcements on the PA system;

Blast. A blast is a signal given on the ship's whistle;

Bell. A bell is a signal given on the ship’s internal alarm system;

Long Blast. The duration of sound of a long blast is greater than six seconds. It is usually indicated in instructions as a "dash" which looks like. “-“;

Short Blast. The duration of sound of a short blast is less than two seconds. It is usually indicated in instructions as a "dot" which looks like. “.”;

General Emergency Alarm Signal. Seven or more short blasts and one long blast on the ship's whistle (“. . . . . . . –“) supplemented by the same signal over the loudspeakers. (“. . . . . . . –“);

Abandon Ship Call. The order of abandon ship will only be given by the Master over the PA system;

Man Overboard Signal and Call. One long blast on the ship's whistle (“-“) and code “Bravo Bravo” given over the ship’s PA system;

Fire Onboard Call. Code “Alpha Team to ...” given over the ship’s PA system;

Damage/Pollution Call. Code “DACO team to ...” given over the ship’s PA system;

Bright Star Call (Medical Emergency). Code “Bright Star Operation to ...” given over the ship’s PA system.

 

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