EXERCISE 43a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. I got into Atlanta last night, and tomorrow I'm going to _______ _______ Miami.

2. I should've ________ this sweater ________ before I bought it. It's too small, and now I have to return it.

3. Nicole figured out why all the lights were off: a fuse ________ ________.

4. Sam couldn't have finished the marathon; his strength completely ________ ________.

5. It's a good thing Linda has health insurance; she has ________ ________ a huge bill at the hospital.

6. When the gas exploded, all the doors and windows ________ ________.

7. Marsha's always bragging about how smart she is and teasing me about my bad grades, but when I got 100 on the algebra test and she got 52, it really ________ her ________.

8. We're not flying directly to Japan; we're going to ________ ________ in Hawaii for a few days.

9. Hank's bad breath ________ everyone ________.

10. ________________! I'm tired of listening to your constant criticism.

11. I was so excited to see Karen after so many years that I ________ ________ to her and gave her a big hug.

12. This gas stove isn't working. I think the pilot light may have ________ ________ when you opened the window.

13. Job applications were ________ ________ to everyone standing in line.

14. When I saw smoke coming from the third floor window, I________________to look for the fire.

EXERCISE 43b — Complete the sentences with the correct second particles.

1. The flight attendant was blown out ________ the hole in the airplane's fuselage.

2. Free samples will be given out _______ every customer who walks through the door.

3. His diseased heart finally gave out ________ him.

4. I was so angry that when I saw him I ran up _______ him and hit him.

5. George and Tom might have stopped off________ New York.

6. Maybe they stopped off________ Jim's house in the suburbs.

EXERCISE 43c Write three sentences using the objects in parentheses. Be sure to put the objects in the right place.

1. The wind blew out. (the candle, it)

2. They gave out. (information, it)

3. She ran up. (a $4,000 bill, it)

4. Can I try on? (these pants, these)

5. The smell grossed out. (everyone, them)

EXERCISE 43d — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs, participle adjectives, and nouns from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. Rosa bought a coat, but it's too small. What should Rosa have done?

2. Your car's transmission finally stopped working after several days of problems. What did your ^k car's transmission do?

3. The price of gold increased a lot very quickly. What would you call this increase in the price of gold?

4. Todd didn't know that the taco he ate at Miguel's house was made with cow brains. When Miguel told Todd what he had eaten, what must that have done to Todd?

5. In Question 4, how must Todd have been?

6. The children ran toward Betty very quickly. What did the children do?

7. The truck driver wouldn't have traveled toward Detroit. What wouldn't the truck driver have done?

8. Janice used her breath to stop the kerosene lamp from burning. What did Janice do?

9. Stopping Marvin from talking is nearly impossible. What is impossible?

10. Sally asked her brother how he could have accumulated such a large credit card bill. What did Sally ask her brother?

11. David stayed fora couple of nights in Denver before continuing to LasVegas. What did David do?

12. My tire burst while I was driving. What did I have?

EXERCISE 43e, Review — Complete the sentences with these participle adjectives from previous sections. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

1. If you're hungry, there's some ___________ pizza in the refrigerator.

2. This meat isn't ________ ________ enough; the pieces are too big.

3. That food isn't ________ _________; flies are going to land on it.

4. Someday John wants to move from this ___________ neighborhood to a better one.

5. My feet really hurt because these shoes aren't ________ ________ yet.

6. My car loan is ________ ________; I made my final payment last month.

7. After forty-five years with the company, I thought they would give me more than this cheap pen at my retirement party. I feel ________ ________.

8. There aren't eight names on the list; there are only five — three are ________ ________.

9. We're ________________ now; we can take our luggage up to our hotel room.

10. We can get a taxi for the airport now; we're ________ ________.

11. The game isn't ________ ________; there are plenty of tickets left.

12. No wonder this radio doesn't work — it's not ________ ________.

13. The tank isn't ________ ________ yet; there's room for another gallon or two.

14. Is everything ________ ________, or do I need to explain it again?

15. Why are you so ________ ________? Did I say something that offended you?

EXERCISE 43f, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

1. Susie ________ ________ the kitchen and took a cookie when her mother wasn't looking.

2. When I was a teenager, I used to ________ ________ of the house and meet my friends after my parents went to bed.

3. I just shampooed the carpet in the living room, so ________ ________ it.

4. I need to see my physical therapist. That pain I used to have in my knee is ________ ________.

5. Do you have a bigger envelope? This letter won't _______ _______ this small one.

6. Betty asked the bus driver to stop, but he didn't hear her and ________ right ________ going.

7. Maria leaves for work at 7:00 in the morning, and she doesn't usually ________ ________ to her house until after 8:00 in the evening.

8. Jim has ________ way ________ in his studies because he's been in the hospital for several weeks.

9. Marvin was acting like such an idiot when he was angry that I couldn't ________ ________ laughing.

10. Don't give up now—________________it!

11. It was hard to ________ my magazine article ________ only 2,000 words — there was so much I wanted to say.

12. Mike ________ ________ crying when his wife told him she wanted a divorce.

13. I try to take notes in my history class, but the teacher talks so fast that I can't ________ ________.

14. The enemy soldiers were almost completely ________ ________ in the attack.

15. That dog of yours is dangerous, so please_______ it_______from my children.

16. The candy company has ________ the cost of its products ________ despite the rise in the cost of sugar.

44. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives and passive phrasal verbs with the verb get

It is important to understand two different but related uses of get in forming the passive voice.

get + adjectives: get = become

get + past participles: a form of the passive

It is also very common to use get in place of be to form the passive voice. The construction is the same; get is followed by the past participle:

Judy gotkicked out of school.

Judy waskicked out of school.

There is a difference, however, between the passive formed with be and the passive formed with get: When the passive is formed with get, there is often (but not always) a suggestion that the subject of the sentence was somehow responsible or partially responsible for what happened:

Judy gotkicked out of school.

A person hearing the sentence above might think that perhaps Judy did something wrong that resulted in her gettingkicked out of school. Sometimes, to leave no doubt that the subject is responsible for what happened, a reflexive pronoun is used:

Judy got herself kickedout of school. get +participle adjectives: adjective or passive?

As we have seen, in English the past participles of many verbs are used as adjectives. When get is followed by a past participle, it is not always clear whether the sentence is passive or whether the past participle is functioning as an adjective:

l gotmixed up last week.

I becamemixed up last week.

In the examples above, we can see that the past participle is clearly functioning as an adjective since get can be replaced with become, but notice that the sentence can also pass the by test (discussed in Section 13), which indicates that it is passive:

l gotmixed up by all the confusing road signs last week.

Again, we see how closely related adjectives and past participles are in English and how it is not always easy to distinguish between the two. Fortunately, it is not usually very important. What is important is to be comfortable using past participles as adjectives, and the key to doing so is not to understand the differ­ence between true adjectives derived from past participles and past participles with an adjective function but instead to understand that there often is no difference.

1. beat... up p.v. [informal] When youbeat peopleup, you hit them or kick them repeatedly.

The muggers stole my money and thenbeat meup.

Timmy gotbeaten up at school today.

beat-up part.adj. When something is in bad condition because of heavy use, it isbeat-up.

My car is an old,beat-up piece of junk.

Carry away carried away

1. carry away (with) p.v. [always passive] When you getcarried away orcarried

away with something, you do more than is necessary or proper because you enjoy it or because you think it is important.

l was going to make a dozen cupcakes for desert tonight, but I gotcarried away and ended up making forty.

You should always start a new exercise program slowly. If you getcarried away with it, you might hurt yourself.

Kick out

kick out & kicks out kicked out kicking out kicking out

1. kick... out (of) p.v. When youkick peopleout orkick peopleout of a group, place, building, room, and so on, you order them to leave.Throw out is similar tokick out.

David drank too much and got himself kickedout of the bar.

Bob's in our car pool, but he's always arguing with the other guys about something, so we're going tokick himout.

1. lock... up p.v. When you lock all the doors and windows of a building, you lock itup.

The manager alwayslocks up before he goes home.

Welocked our houseup before we went on vacation.

locked up part.adj. After all the doors and windows of a building have been locked, it islocked up.

You can't get in the house — it'slocked up.

2. lock... up p.v. When youlock peopleup, you put them in prison.

The policelocked Hankup after they caught him shoplifting.

Whoever committed that terrible crime ought to belocked up forever.

locked up part.adj. Someone who has been put in prison islocked up.

Beinglocked up in jail was a terrible experience.

lockup n. A prison or other place where people arelocked up is alockup.

Omar was put in thelockup after he was arrested for drunken driving.

Mix up

mix up & mixes up mixing up mixed up mixed up

1. mix... up p.v. When youmix somethingup that has two or more ingredients, you stir it so that the ingredients will be thoroughly combined.

Put in the eggs, butter, sugar, flour, and water and thenmix itup well.

An electric mixer willmix up the ingredients better than a hand mixer.

2. mix... up p.v. When youmix two things up, you confuse them with each other.

Jerry and his twin brother look exactly the same, and everyonemixes themup.

Newborn babies sometimes getmixed up in the hospital.

mixed up part.adj. When you are confused about something that you want to understand, or when you have emotional or behavioral problems, you aremixed up.

Can you help me with my calculus homework? I'm reallymixed up.

Jimmy is amixed-up kid who gets in trouble with the police a lot.

mix-up n. A mistake, misunderstanding, or confused situation is amix-up.

Waiter, I think there's been amix-up. I asked you for a chicken salad sandwich, but you brought me a tuna salad sandwich.

1. piss... off p.v. [informal and offensive to some people] When you make people angry, youpiss themoff.

You'd better stop that! You'repissing meoff.

Don't make a lot of noise when Mark is trying to study; itpisses himoff.

pissed off part.adj. When you are angry, you arepissed off.

Melon ie got really pissedoff at Heather for borrowing her necklace without asking and then losing it.

Rip off

rip off & rips off ripping off ripped off ripped off

1. rip ...off p.v. [informal] When yourip people off, you steal something from them, cheat them, or charge them more money for something than it is worth.

Don't do business with Marvin; herips everyoneoff.Hank gotripped off by the drug dealer.

rip-off n. When someone steals something from you, cheats you, or charges too much for something, this is arip-off.

I paid nine dollars to see that awful movie? What arip-off!stress out

stress out & stresses out stressing out stressed out stressed out

1. stress... out p.v. [informal] When people or thingsstress youout, they make you worried, nervous, or tense.

Having that new manager around watching me all the time isstressing meout.

Sally's sister has to take care of quadruplets all day without any help. That must stress herout.

stressed-out part.adj. When you are worried, nervous, or tense, you are stressed-out.

l had to make a speech at work today, and I was sostressed-out afterward that I took the rest of the day off.