EXERCISE 44a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. The prison guard put Jake in a cell and ________ him ________.

2. Tom asked the barber to just cut his hair a little bit, but when he looked in the mirror, he could

see that the barber was getting _____ _____ and cutting his hair too short.

3. Erik promised me that he would come to my house to help me move some stuff this morning, but he still hasn't shown up. He's always doing things like that, and it really________ me

4. If Janice doesn't pass her chemistry test tomorrow, she won't graduate with the rest of her lass, and worrying about it so much is really ________ her ________.

5. I got ________ ________ of school after I got caught cheating on the test.

6. The robbers _____ _____ the shop owner so badly that she had to be hospitalized.

7. Add a cup of water and four eggs to the cake mix and _______ it _______ well.

8. The night manager forgot to ________ ________ when she left the restaurant.

9. The jewelry store ________ me ________ I paid $5,000 for a diamond ring made of glass.

10. The teacher has two students with the same name, and she always ________ them

EXERCISE 44b — Write three sentences using the objects in parentheses. Be sure to put the objects in the right place.

1. The thugs beat up. (the woman, her)

2. The hotel manager kicked out. (the rock group, them)

3. The cops are going to lock up. (the crook, her)

4. Mixing up is easy. (the twins, them)

5. Getting a tattoo must have pissed off. (your father, him)

6. The contractor was accused of ripping off. (homeowners, them)

7. All these problems are stressing out. (the staff, them)

EXERCISE 44c — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs, participle adjectives, and nouns from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. Tom paid a mechanic to replace his car's generator with a new one, but the mechanic put a used generator in and still charged Tom for a new one. What did the mechanic do to Tom?

2. In Question 1, what would you call what the mechanic did to Tom?

3. If they don't stop making so much noise, the manager is going to tell them to leave. What is the manager going to do?

4. You locked all the doors and windows in your house. What did you do?

5. In Question 4, how would you describe your house after you locked all the doors and windows?

6. Many cars look the same these days, and it's hard to tell them apart. If it is hard to tell them apart, what is it easy to do?

7. Scratching my brother's new car really made him angry. What did scratching my brother's new car do to my brother?

8. In Question 7, how would you describe my brother?

9. Linda is very confused about how to use her computer. How would you describe Linda?

10. Driving in all this traffic is making you nervous and tense. What is driving in all this traffic doing to you?

11. In Question 10, how would you describe yourself?

12. I let Charles use my skis, and when he returned them, they were in very bad condition. How were my skis when Charles returned them?

13. Sam's father was sent to prison for bank robbery. What happened to Sam's father?

14. In Question 13, how would you describe Sam's father?

15. Karen went to the store planning to buy a pair of shoes, but she ended up buying five pairs of shoes, three dresses, four blouses, and a new winter coat. What happened to Karen?

16. When the angry people caught the thief, they hit and kicked him again and again. What did the angry crowd do?

17. When you put all the ingredients in, you have to stir them so they will be combined. What do you have to do?

EXERCISE 44d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

1. The newspaper story claimed that the governor had taken a bribe and had then tried to ________it________.

2. That stock I bought really ________ ________. It went up nearly 100 percent in only three months.

3. After the new manager ________ ________ next month, you can expect a lot of changes.

4. Will you kids ________ it ________, please? I'm on the phone.

5. I told you to stop. If you _______ _______ doing that, I'm going to get pissed off.

6. The police think the burglars may have _______ _______ through the back door.

7. If you kids go outside to play,________________from that pile of junk—it's full of broken glass.

8. I need to talk to Jerry about his bad breath, but I'm nervous about _____ it _____.

9. Dan is so sad about what happened that he can't ________ ________ crying.

10. When I went to the car rental office, they had already rented all the good cars, and they ________ me ________ a beat-up piece of junk.

11. The legislature passed a tough new law designed to ________ drunken drivers ________ the streets.

12. When you're depressed you should talk to people about what's troubling you, not ________ it ________ yourself.

13. I'm broke — do you think you could ________ me ________ till payday?

14. Nothing the inventor tried worked, but he ________ ________ it until he solved the problem.

15. I can't believe that my daughter would steal money from me. That awful boyfriend of hers must have ________ her ________ ________ it.

16. Jane did very well in her first semester of college. I hope she can ________ it ________ for the next four years.

45. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the verb turn

Many phrasal verbs are based on the verb turn. In most cases, phrasal verbs with turn involve two options and a change from one option to the other or, when it is possible, a move closer to one option and farther away from the other. In other words, choosing either A or B or, when it is possible to be somewhere between A and B, moving closer to A and farther away from B, or vice versa.

1. turn ...down p.v. When youturn down an electrical or mechanical device, you change the controls to decrease the level of what it is producing or doing.Turn up is the oppositeof turn down.

Could youturn the radiodown? I'm trying to sleep.

If it gets too cold, I'llturn down the air conditioner.

2. turn ... down p.v. When you deny a request, youturn down the request orturn down the person who has made the request.

l asked Nancy to go to the dance with me, but sheturned medown.

My request for a pay raise wasturned down.

Gettingturned down every time I apply for a job is getting me down.

Turn in

turn in & turns in turning in turned in turned in

1. turn ... in (to) p.v. When you inform the police that certain people have committed crimes or tell the police where they are, youturn themin orturn them in to the police.

The escaped prisoner got tired of running andturned himself in.

When Jake told me that he had murdered Luis, I knew I had toturn himin to the police.

2. turn ... in (to) p.v. When you return something that was given to you by a person in authority, youturn that thingin orturn itin to a person in authority.Hand in is similar toturn in.

The police officer was ordered toturn in her badge after she was caught taking a bribe.

The delivery truck drivers have toturn their keysin to the dispatcher before they go home.

3. turn ... in (to) p.v. When you complete a test, report, or project and you give it to the person who assigned the work to you, youturn itin orturn itin to the person who assigned the work.Hand in is similar toturn in.

Melan'ie asked her teacher if she couldturn her projectin late.

I have to finish this report andturn itin to the sales manager by tomorrow.

4. turn in p.v. When you go to bed, youturn in.

I'm really tired; I'm going toturn in early.

It's getting late; I'mturning in.

1. turn into p.v. When somethingturns into something else, it becomes that thing.

It was cold and rainy this morning, but itturned into a nice day.

It's amazing that this small seed canturn into a huge tree.

2. turn ...into p.v. When youturn somethinginto something else, you change it into that thing.

The Youngs are thinkingof turning their house in the countryinto a hotel.

The childrenturned the big boxinto a playhouse.

Turn off

turn off & turns off turning off turned off turned off

1. turn ... off p.v. When youturn off an electrical or mechanical device, you change the controls to stop it from producing or doing something. Turnon is the opposite of turn off. Switch off andshut off are similar toturn off.

Would youturn the lightoff? I want to go to bed.

When I'm driving and have to wait for a long freight train to pass, I alwaysturn my caroff.

turned off part.adj. After you have changed the controls of an electrical or mechani­cal device to stop it from producing or doing something, it isturned off. Turned onis the opposite ofturned off. Switched off andshut off are similar toturned off.

l can't see anything — the lights areturned off.

2. turn ... off p.v. [informal] Something thatturns youoff offends you and causes you to lose interest in something or someone. Something about a person of the opposite sex thatturns youoff causes you to lose sexual or romantic interest in that person.Turn on is the oppositeof turn off.

When I met Dan I thought he was a nice guy, but his racist commentsturned meoff.

I gotturned off when she lit a cigarette.

turned off part.adj. When something about a person of the opposite sex causes you to lose sexual or romantic interest in that person, you areturned off. Turned on is the opposite ofturned off.

What's wrong with Nicole? She was having a good time with Frank a little while ago, but now she seems kindof turned off.

turnoff n. Something that offends you and causes you to lose interest in something or someone is aturnoff. Something about a person of the opposite sex that causes you to lose sexual or romantic interest in that person is aturnoff. A turn-on is the oppositeof a turnoff.

l don't like tattoos. To me they're a realturnoff.

3. turn off p.v. When youturn off a road or path that you are traveling on, you leave it and start to travel on another road or path. When a road or path leaves another road or path and travels in a different direction, itturns off,

Be careful you don'tturn off the main road — you'll get lost.

The path to the cabinturns off just after the big tree stump.

turnoff n. A road or path that leaves another road or path and travels in a different direction is aturnoff.

We're lost — I think we should have taken thatturnoff we passed a few miles back.

1. turn ... on p.v. When youturn on an electrical or mechanical device, you change the controls to make it start producing or doing something.Turn off is the opposite of turn on. Switch on is the same asturn on.

Can youturn the lighton please? It's dark in here.

This October has been so warm that I haven'tturned the heaton once yet.

turned on part.adj. After you have changed the controls of an electrical or mechani­cal device to make it start producing or doing something, it isturned on. Turned offis the oppositeof turned on. Switched on is similar toturned on.

Be careful of the stove — it'sturned on.

2. turn ... on p.v. [informal] Something thatturns youon pleases you and causes you to gain interest in something or someone. Something about a person of the opposite sex thatturns youon causes you to become sexually or romantically interested in that erson.Turn off is the oppositeof turn on.

When I saw this house from the outside, I didn't think I would buy it, but the beautiful woodwork inside reallyturned meon.

Erik's blue eyesturn on his wife.

turned on part.adj. When something about a person of the opposite sex causes you to become sexually or romantically interested in that person, you areturned on. Turned off is the oppositeof turned on.

Paul was reallyturned on after seeing all the beautiful women in the Victoria's Secret catalog.

turn-on n. Something that pleases you and causes you to gain interest in something or someone is aturn-on. Something about a person of the opposite sex that causes you to become sexually or romantically interested in that person is aturn-on. A turnoff is the opposite of aturn-on.

l bought my wife an ankle bracelet for Valentines Day; I think they're aturn-on.

3. turn on p.v. When people or animals that you had good relations withturn onyou, they stop being friendly and try to hurt you.

Lydia used to be my friend, but now she's telling people terrible things about me.

I wonder why sheturned on me like that?

Wild animals don't make good pets. They can be friendly one minute andturn on you the next.

4. turn... on (to) p.v. [informal] When youturn peopleon to something, you tell them about something you think they will like or something that will help them.

Mariaturned meon to a great Colombian restaurant.

This was a good book. Thanks forturning meon to it.

1. turn out p.v. [usually followed by "to be" plus an adjective, an infinitive verb plus a noun, or a complete sentence] When things or peopleturn out to be a certain way, it is discovered or considered that they are that way. When things or peopleturn out to be something, it is discovered or considered that they are that thing. When you say that itturns out (that) orturned out (that) and then make a statement of fact, you mean that this information, which is contrary to what you believed or expected, was discovered to be true.

l didn't think I would like my brother's new wife, but sheturned out to be very nice.

Before I met Rusty's son, Danny, I assumed he had red hair like his father, but Danny turned out to have black hair.

I thought Sam bought a Mercedes-Benz, but itturns out that he bought a BMW.

I thought Sam bought a Mercedes-Benz, but itturned out that he bought a BMW.

2. turn out p.v. When somethingturns out, it becomes what you want it to become. When somethingturns out a certain way, it becomes that way.

Did the pictures you took at the weddingturn out?

The picturesturned out perfectly.

Your plan was excellent, but it didn'tturn out well.

3. turn... out p.v. When people, companies, factories, workshops, and so on, turn out something, they manufacture it or produce it.

This new factory willturn out 50,000 units per year.

High schools in America areturning out people who can barely read.

4. turn out (for) p.v. When peopleturn out orturn out for an event, they attend or participate in the event. When peopleturn out to do something, they go to a place to do it.

Are you nuts? How many people do you think wouldturn out for an outdoor concert In the middle of winter?

Thousands of peopleturned out to see the Pope when he visited.

turnout n. The number of people who attend or participate in an event is theturnout.

Voterturnout for the election was only around 30 percent.

1. turn ... over p.v. When youturn somethingover, you move it so that the side that was on the bottom is on the top, and vice versa. When somethingturns over, it moves so that the side that was on the bottom is on the top, and vice versa.

When one side of the steak is cooked,turn itover and cook the other side.

The driver was killed when his carturned over.

2. turn ... over (to) p.v. When you give something to someone because that person demands or requires it or because you are not its rightful owner, youturn itover or turn itover to that person.Hand over is similar toturn over.

The detective alwaysturns the evidence from the crime sceneover to the lab for analysis.

After the thieves are captured, the stolen items will beturned over to the rightful owners.

3. turn ... over (to) p.v. When the police or other authorities are looking for people and you take these people or transfer control of them to the police or authorities, you turn themover orturn themover to the police or authorities.

l caught a burglar in my basement, and Iturned himover to the police.

The local police chief was relieved toturn the terroristover to the FBI.

4. turn over p.v. When employees of a company leave their jobs and are replaced by new employees, theyturn over.

Conditions at the factory were so bad that employeesturned over at a high rate. We have a very stable work force in our plant. Employeesturn over very slowly.

turnover n. The rate at which employees of a company leave and are replaced by new employees is theturnover.

The new personnel manager said her top priority would be reducing the high turnover.

5. turn over p.v. When a businessturns over something that it sells, it continually sells it and replaces it with new merchandise.

We'returning over forty cases of bananas a week in this supermarket.

Snowtnobiles and skisturn over very slowly in the summer.

turnover n. How much money a business has made in a certain time period is its turnover.

The company's annualturnover increased by 36 percent compared to the previous year.

1. turn ...up p.v. When youturn up an electrical or mechanical device, you change the controls to increase the level of what it is producing or doing.Turn down is the opposite of turn up.

Will youturn up the TV? I can't hear it.

It was freezing in here last night, so Iturned up the beat.

2. turn... up p.v. When youturn up something, you find it or learn of it as a result of an investigation or search. When somethingturns up, it is found or is learned of as a result of an investigation or search.

The policeturned up enough evidence to convict Jake of murder.

Despite a thorough search, the murder weapon still hasn'tturned up.

3. turn up p.v. When people or thingsturn up at a place, they appear there. Show up is similar toturn up.

It's hard to plan a picnic when I don't know how many people willturn up.

Every few years my worthless brotherturns up at my door asking for money.