EXERCISE 49a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. We were lucky that the floodwater didn't ________ ________ the second floor.

2. These steps have ice on them, so ________ ________ to my arm.

3. I usually________________work at 8:40.

4. It's important to ________ your day ________ with a good breakfast.

5. I never used to care about Maria's bad attitude, but now it's starting to ________ ________ me.

6. I'm a little busy now. Give me your phone number, and I'll ________ right________ ________you.

7. Go ________ your shoes ________ — we're leaving in a minute.

8. Ann cut her hair in the bathroom, and she _______ the sink _______ with hair.

9. Don't let the baby ________ ________ the table — he might fall off.

10. If you hadn't ________ ________ the theater late, you wouldn't have missed the beginning of the movie.

11. ________ ________ all that junk in the garage made a lot more room.

12. As Jerry was _____ _____ the train, he realized that he had forgotten his ticket.

13. Whenever I ________ ________ feeling depressed, I call my mother.

14. If you want to ________________ in this world, you need a good education.

15. The trail to the top of the mountain ________ ________ level, but then it gets steeper and steeper.

16. Maybe you should ________ ________ with your work and stop wasting time.

17. ________ ________ for a couple of minutes — I'm almost ready.

18. This is a great opportunity. Don't be stupid and ________ it ________.

19. I know you're busy, but when do you think you might have time to ________ back ________ fixing that leak in the roof?

20. I waited outside Mr. Baker's office for two hours, but I never ________ ________ talk to him.

21. Madeleine fell off her bike, but she ________ right back ________ again.

22. ________ ________ work! This has to be finished in three hours, and you haven't even started.

EXERCISE 49b — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs and participle adjectives from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. Linda's three-year-old daughter can't put her shoes on. What can't Linda's three-year-old daughter do?

2. Luis started to feel a little depressed. What did Luis do?

3. Marvin had a nice family and a good job, but he lost them because of drugs. What did Marvin do to his family and job?

4. After I take a break, I'm going to continue working immediately. What am I going to do?

5. Betty doesn't have the information I want, so she's going to call me when she does. What is Betty going to do?

6. The sewer drain became blocked by dead leaves. What happened to the sewer drain?

7. In Question 6, how would you describe the sewer drain after it became blocked?

8. Ned has never arrived at his office after 9:30. What has Ned never done?

9. You continued with your work. What did you do?

10. When the temperature inside the turkey reaches 190 degrees, take it out of the oven. When should the turkey be taken out of the oven?

11. Bill said that he couldn't wait any longer. What did Bill say?

12. My taxes are due in three days, so I've got to do them tonight. What have I got to do?

13. Sam's birth certificate must have been accidentally put in the trash. What must have happened to Sam's birth certificate?

14. Dan showed me how to mount a horse. What did Dan show me?

15. Their marriage began well, but things got worse. What did their marriage do?

16. My brother told me that I shouldn't let it bother me. What did my brother tell me?

17. Alex was allowed to pet a baby tiger at the zoo. What happened to Alex?

18. The mountain climber held the rope tightly. What did the mountain climber do?

19. Mike went to the diving board and stood on it. What did Mike do?

20. The bus driver stepped out of the bus to check the tires, and then he entered the bus again immediately. What did the bus driver do after he checked the tires?

21. It's been only fifteen minutes since Heather left. She could not have arrived at the airport already. What couldn't Heather have done already?

22. The salesperson always begins his presentation by introducing himself. What does the salesperson always do?

23. Having an MBA should help you to progress in your career. What should an MBA do?

EXERCISE 49c — Write five original sentences using get to and get back to. Try to use right and back in some of the sentences.

1. __________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 49d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

1. The company has decided to save money by ________ ________ on advertising.

2. Look at the arrival monitor to see if his plane has ________ ________ yet.

3. That sneaky car salesperson ____ me ____ paying for a lot of options I didn't want.

4. Those shoes are so ugly. Why don't you just ________ them ________?

5. Anyone who has done as much good for other people as he has deserves to be ________ ________.

6. Charles used to ________ ________ ________ me because he went to col­lege and I didn't.

7. What do you ________ ________ changing the meeting from Tuesday to Wednesday? No one has said anything to me about it.

8. The opening of the new factory had to be ________ ________ because some equipment hadn't been delivered.

9. Janice loves to cook, and she especially ________ ________ ________ baking fancy pastries.

10. The antigovernment newspaper was ________ ________ by the dictator.

11. Rio de Janeiro is so beautiful. It ________ me ________ when I saw it.

12. Jim asked Lydia to marry him, but she ________ him ________.

13. That chimney is ________ a lot of cold air ________.

14. Most people ________ ________ a cold in four or five days.

15. If it gets too cold in here,________ ________the air conditioner.

16. Could you ________ the lights ________ please, it's getting dark.

50. FOCUS ON: Keep at it!

I hope the time and effort you'veput into finding out more about phrasal verbs haspaid off. If you'veknocked yourselfout, stuck with it, and notfallen behindor gottenmixed up orburned out, a great improvement in your ability to under­stand and use English hascome about — you'veended up being better able to figure out what you read and hear and better able tocome up with the right word when you write or speak. But don't getstressed out andgive up if you can't remember every meaning of every verb — improving your vocabulary takes time. Itcomes down to regularlybrushing up on what you have learned and, when you come across a word you don't know,looking itup in a dictionary.Keep at it!

1. ask... out p.v. When youask peopleout, you ask them to go with you to a place of entertainment in order to have fun and spend time together.

Beingasked out by Tom was quite a surprise to Judy.

The Bakers called andasked the Ortegasout.

Come down to

come down to & comes down to coming down to came down to come down to

1. come down to p.v. When the key to understanding a situation or problem is knowledge and consideration of a certain aspect of the situation or problem, this aspect of the situation or problem is what the situation or problemcomes down to.

Learning a languagecomes down to practice, practice, practice.

Our marriage problems aren't really that complicated. What itcomes down to is whether you're willing to deal with your drinking problem.

Deal with

deal with & deals with dealing with dealt with dealt with

1. deal with p.v. When youdeal with a project or a problem, you do what you must do to complete the project or to solve the problem.

There are many problems, but I candeal with only one at a time.

After school the principal willdeal with the boys who broke the window.

2. deal with p.v. When a book, film, article, speech, and so on,deals with a certain subject, that is what it is about.

The governor's speechdealt with the growing crime rate.

I read an interesting articledealing with the issue of legalizing marijuana.

1. hold on (to) p.v. When youhold on or hold on to something, you hold it tightly so that you will not fall or be hurt.Hang on is similar tohold on.

When the horse jumped over the fence, Iheld on as hard as I could.

Hold on to the rail when you get out of the bathtub — it's slippery.

2. hold on (to) p.v. When youhold on orhold on to people, you hold them tightly to protect them or to prevent them from leaving. When youhold on orhold on to things, you hold them tightly to protect them or to prevent them from being taken.

Sam grabbed the robber's legs andheld on while the guard handcuffed her.

We wereholding on to each other as the tornado passed.

3. hold on p.v. [informal] When youhold on, you wait for a short time.Hang on is the same ashold on.

Can youhold on just a little longer? I'll be right with you.

I've beenholding on for fifteen minutes. I can't wait any longer.

Pay back

pay back & pays back paying back paid back paid back

1. pay... back p.v. When youpay peopleback, you give them money that you borrowed from them.

Would you lend me $200? I'llpay youback next Friday when I get paid.

Mark has never beenpaid back for all his sister's medical bills.

2. pay... back (for) p.v. When youpay peopleback orpay peopleback for something bad they have done to you, you do something bad to them.

l'llpay that guyback for the terrible things he's done to me if it takes the rest of my life.

Jake shot Hank topay himback for turning him in to the police.

Take up on

take up on & takes up on taking up on took up on taken up on

1. take... up on p.v. When youtake peopleup on an offer, you accept their offer.

My brother has invited us many times to visit him in Hawaii, and last winter wetookhimup on the offer.

Nicole has nevertaken meup on my offer to lend her the money she needs for her dental bills.

1. turn ... around p.v. When youturn around, you move a vehicle or your body so that it faces the opposite direction. When youturn somethingaround, you move it so that it faces the opposite direction.

Someone called my name, and Iturned around to see who it was.

You shouldturn this house plantaround so that the other side can get some light.

2. turn ...around p.v. When youturn around a bad situation, a failing business, a losing game, and so on, you improve it so that it is successful.

Turning this money-losing companyaround is going to take several years.

The quarterback completed four passes in the last five minutes of the football game and completelyturned itaround.

turnaround n. A turnaround is a major improvement in a bad situation, a failing business, a losing game, and soon.

We won the game in a last-minuteturnaround.

This company was losing money, but there's been a majorturnaround since the new manager took over.

Wear out

wear out & wears out wearing out wore out worn out

1. wear... out p.v. When somethingwears out or youwear itout, it becomes damaged or weak from use and age and is no longer usable.

People who live in the citywear out their car brakes faster than people who live in the country.

The carpet in the hallwaywore out and had to be replaced.

worn-out part. adj. When something isworn-out, it has become damaged or weak from use and age and is no longer usable.

l need new running shoes. These are totallyworn-out.

2. wear... out p.v. When somethingwears youout, it makes you very tired.

Playing with his grandchildren reallywore Fredout.

Shoveling snow for three hours wouldwear anyoneout.

worn-out part.adj. When something has made you very tired, you areworn-out.l have to sit down and rest for a minute — I'mworn-out.