Подберите пары или группы близких по значению слов из предложенных ниже. Переведите слова на русский язык.

Verbs: relate, employ, insert, perform, remove, operate, show, interpret, select, issue, use, receive, perform, cause, print, make, compute, connect, execute, take away, require, act, convert, carry out, demand, permit, demonstrate, choose, transmit, type, store, get, calculate, proceed, continue, keep, allow.

Nouns: response, unit, component, computation, storage, gate, amount, digit, element, memory, instruction, device, equipment, connection, circuit, order, command, information, relation, quantity, answer, calculation, number, data.

Adjectives: broad, complete, each, appropriate, every, basic, essential, digital, original, full, wide, initial, major, large, numerical, common, necessary, usual, important, general, great.

Согласуйте слова в левой колонке с их интерпретацией, предложенной справа.

Расскажите о действии функциональных устройств компьютера, пользуясь приведенной ниже схемой.

Central processing unit

15. Составьте на русском языке аннотации к текстам, предложенным ниже.Обратите внимание на то, чтостиль аннотаций, как правило, имеет безличностныйхарактер. Выберите и используйте при работе следующие клише:

Статья (текст) посвящена проблеме/ вопросу ... В начале статьи

- речь идет о ...;

- дается определение...;

- обосновывается значимость ...;

- привлекается внимание к ...

Далее

- описывается...;

- рассказывается...;

- рассматривается...;

- излагается ...

В частности,

- отмечается, например, ...;

- подробно излагается...;

- описывается схема...;

- указывается ...;

- доказывается мысль...

Наконец

- раскрывается...

В заключение

- приводятся примеры

Подытоживая сказанное, следует отметить...

Как мне кажется, статья может представлять интерес для ...

Думается, статья может оказаться полезной для ...

1. LOGICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

As it is known, any digital calculation — whether it is performed by 'pencil and paper' methods or with the aid of an automatic computer— must first be broken down into a sequence of elementary arithmetical operations, such as addition, or multiplication. Each such arithmetical operation may be converted into a sequence of simple logical operations. It should be noted that a binary digit may take only two values — "zero" and "one". A logical proposition may be either true or false.

A symbolism and a set of rules suitable for manipulating 'yes or no' logical propositions was developed by George Boole, a self-educated genius who became Professor of Mathematics at Cork University in the middle of the 19lh century. The techniques of Boolean algebra are now extensively used by electrical engineers for the design and analysis of switching circuits. Both the arithmetic and control units of a computer consist of sets of switching circuits for directing and manipulating electrical pulse signals.

The process of combining a number of electronic circuits of known logical properties into an integrated system capable of performing special arithmetical or control functions is known as logical design.

2. THE DEFINITION OF MECHANICAL BRAIN

Let's imagine a railroad line with four stations marked input, storage, computer and output. These stations are joined by little gates or switches to the main railroad line. We can imagine that numbers and other information move along this railroad line, loaded (погруженные) in cars. Input and output are stations where numbers or other information go in and come out respectively. Storage is a station where there are many platforms and where information can be stored. The computer is a special station, somewhat like a factory. When two numbers are loaded on platforms 1 and 2 of this station and the command is loaded on platform 3, then another number is produced on platform.

There is a tower, marked control. This tower runs a telegraph line to each of its little watchmen standing by the gates. The tower tells them when to open and when to shut which gates. Now we can see that as soon as the right gates are shut, cars loaded with information can move between stations. So by closing the right gates, we can flash (отражать) numbers and information through the system and perform operations of reasoning. Thus we receive a mechanical brain.

In general, a mechanical brain is made up of: a quantity of registers where information can be stored; channels along which information can be sent; mechanisms that carry out arithmetic and logical operations; a control, which guides the machine to perform a sequence of operations; input and output devices, where information can go into and out of the machine; and at last electricity, which provides energy.

16. Поменяйтесь вариантами и выполните письменный перевод текстов, приведенных выше.

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