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INTERVIEWING A VICTIM OR A WITNESSGrammar. Passive Voice Study the forms of the passive voice.
Task 1. Complete the sentences with the past simple (active / passive) forms of the verbs. e.g. He was arrested at 3.00 a.m. whilst coming out of a night club (arrest). 1) The police him and 10g of cannabis in his pocket. (search / find ) 2) He to the police station and in custody for eight hours. (take / hold) 3) Finally, he by two detectives and about the events of the evening. (interview / question) 4) They samples of his fingerprints and DNA. (take) 5) The police him with possession of an illegal substance with intent to supply. (charge) 6) He on bail and to appear in court a month later. (release / summon) 7) In court, he guilty as charged, and the judge, and the judge him to three months in prison. (find / sentence)
Task 2. Make the sentences passive. Mind the grammar tenses. 1. They collect evidence. 2. The investigator instructed witnesses. 3. He will make a positive identification. 4. They have apprehended the criminal. 5. He must pay a fine. 6. The officers took the squad car. 7. The officer must write a report. 8. He will make a record. 9. They are interrogating the suspect.
Reading Task 1. Read the text about an interview and interrogation. Pay attention to the passive voice structures. Text Interrogation and Interview In every criminal investigation, interviewing and interrogation are the most important means to obtain necessary information about a crime. An investigator must gather, sort, compile, and evaluate information. Interviewing and interrogation require skills that must be cultivated and practiced. The successful interviewer/interrogator must understand the techniques of interviewing and interrogation and have the ability to evaluate the psychological reasons why people are willing or reluctant to give information. The interviewer/interrogator/investigator's own capabilities and limitations must be recognized. Personality and the manner in which interpersonal communications are handled can greatly influence the results of an interrogation. He/she must be able to convey empathy, sympathy, anger, fear and joy at various times, if necessary, but must be always objective. The interviewer/interrogator must be receptive to all information, regardless of its nature. Even if the suspect gives information not related to the crime, officers should pay attention and listen to what is mentioned. This information could possibly help with the current investigation. Notes should be taken to insure that information doesn’t get lost. You should learn how to spot and interpret verbal and nonverbal behaviors of both deceptive and truthful people. Look at their posture, eye contact, facial expressions, word choice, and response delivery. The investigator must make an assessment of the suspect’s credibility when responding to investigative questions. "Facial Action Coding System" (FACS) is a taxonomy of human facial expressions of emotion that are universal to human culture and biological in origin. These universal expressions include those indicating anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, contempt and surprise. Investigators must make a clear distinction between the two processes: interviewing and interrogating subjects. An interview should precede every interrogation. Through the interview, officers learn about the subjects and their needs, fears, concerns, and attitudes. They then use this information to prepare themes or arguments to use during interrogations. During interviews, subjects answer questions from investigators about the crimes, themselves, and others involved in these incidents. Through this initial inquiry, investigators identify non-verbal and verbal behavior, build rapport and determine if they should be interrogated and obtain additional case facts. An interview is nonaccusatory. If the investigator does not accuse the suspect while interviewing him he can establish a much better rapport with the suspect that will assist him in an interrogation after the interview. An interrogation is accusatory. In an interrogation investigators accuse the suspect of a crime that they may have committed. Investigators estimate behavioral techniques to determine if the suspect is lying or not. During interrogations investigators must also use active persuasion. Investigators use tactics like using statements instead of asking questions. Interrogations bring investigations to a close. In interrogations, investigators lead, and subjects follow. To sum it up: to conduct an interrogation successfully an investigator should prepare for the interrogation, distinguish between interrogations and interviews, develop persuasive themes and arguments, establish a set plan, build a good relationship with the interrogation subject and get adequate training.
Glossary anger – гнев argument – аргумент assessment – оценка commit – совершать contempt – презрение convey – передавать credibility – правдивость deceive – обманывать delivery – зд. предоставление disgust – отвращение evaluate – оценивать fear – страх identify – устанавливать, определять inquiry – исследование обстоятельств дела; расследование joy – радость precede – предшествовать persuade – убеждать rapport – контакт reluctant – sadness – грусть void – лишенный (чего-л.)
Task 2. Read and translate the following words and their derivatives: contempt – contemptible – contemptuous – contemptuously deceive – deception – deceptive fear – fearful – fearfully – fearsome persuade – persuasion – persuasive sad – sadness truth – truthful value – evaluate – valuable
Task 3. Read and translate the following synonyms: assess – estimate – evaluate influence – affect – impact rapport – contact
Task 4. Make up word-combinations matching the words in the table with the words given below:
subjects, information, to questions, capabilities and limitations, behaviour, questions, a plan, skills, arguments, notes, sympathy, crimes, attention, proper training, anger, surprise, tactics, suspect, relationships, techniques, facts, rapport. |
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