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NAMES OF CHURCHES, CATHEDRALS, MUSEMS, etc

CITIES OF RUSSIA

SPEECH PATTERNS

How can I help you? Sorry? Welcome! See you soon! Good-bye! Could you tell me? May I ask you? Excuse me, please. Never mind! Thank you. What a pity! I invite you …/ I’d like to invite you…   Which day would suit you? With pleasure! Чем могу помочь? Извините? Добро пожаловать! До скорой встречи! До свидания! Не могли бы вы сказать мне …? Могу я спросить вас? Извините, пожалуйста. Ничего. Спасибо. Как жаль! Я приглашаю вас…/ Я хотел бы пригласить вас… Какой день удобен для вас? С удовольствием!

Exercise 1.Read the dialogues; translate them paying attention to the usage of these speech patterns.

A. - Excuse me, please, Sir!

- Can I help you?

- Could you tell me how I can get to the Tretyakov Gallery from here?

- Sorry, I can’t, because I am a stranger here, too.

- Oh, what a pity!

B. – Could you tell me if I can get to the Square of Heroes on foot?

- No, you can get there either by bus or by tram.

- How long will it take me if I go there by bus?

- About 15 minutes.

- And by tram?

- A bit longer. It will take you 20 minutes.

- Thank you.

- Never mind.

Exercise 2.Read the following dialogue translating Russian parts into English.

- (Добро пожаловать) to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski! I think your visit to this wonderful region will be unforgettable.

- (Не могли бы вы сказать мне) what first excursion we shall have?

- (Я хотел бы пригласить вас) to see our great valley of gazers.

- (С удовольствием!)

- (Какой день удобен для вас?)

- I think we can start tomorrow morning. I am looking forward to seeing this nature phenomenon.

Exercise 3.Read the dialogues and dramatize any of them.

A) - Excuse me, could you help me?

- What can I do for you?

- Will you show me the way to the Local Lore Museum.

- Certainly, it is very near.

- Shall I take a bus or a trolley bus?

- No, you needn’t. Go straight ahead and then turn to the right on the first traffic lights. You will see a beautiful building of red colour on your right.

- Thank you.

B) –May I ask you how I can get to the Drama theatre?

- Certainly, you will take the trolley-bus 1 and get off on the third stop.

- Is the theatre far from that trolley-bus stop?

- You will see the building of the theatre just on the opposite side of the street.

- And where is the stop here?

- It is just round the corner.

- Thank you.

Exercise 4.Make up a short dialogue: а) invite your friend to see some place of interest.

b) how to get to some place

ACTIVE VOCABULARY.

NOUNS 1. a birthplace – место рождения 2. a cathedral – собор 3. a cemetery – кладбище 4. a church – церковь 5. a cradle – колыбель 6. a customs point – таможенный пост 7. deed – подвиг 8. a dome = a cupola – купол 9. an ensemble – ансамбль 10. entrance – вход, въезд 11. an exile – ссылка 12. a fair – ярмарка 13. fate - судьба 14. a fight – битва, борьба 15. a fortress – крепость 16. an icon – икона 17. an invention – изобретение 18. an item – экспонат 19. outskirts = suburbs - окраины 20. a peasant – крестьянин 21. scenery – пейзаж 22. a settlement – поселение, населенный пункт 23. a structure – зд. конструкция 24. a subsidiary – филиал 25. a temple – храм 26. a tomb – могила 27. a tower - башня 28. trade – торговля 29. an uprising – восстание     VERBS 1. to admire – восхищаться 2. to build – строить 3. to burn down – сжигать дотла 4. to commemorate – увековечить, служить напоминанием 5. to construct – строить 6. to contribute –вносить вклад 7. to date back – датироваться 8. to defeat – наносить поражение, разгромить 9. to defend – защищать 10. to destroy – разрушать 11. to devote – посвящать 12. to erect – воздвигать, возводить 13. to exhibit – выставлять 14. to face – сталкиваться, смотреть на 15. to found – основывать 16. to head – возглавлять 17. to include – включать в себя 18. to make an impression = to impress - производить впечатление 19. to preserve – сохранять 20. to reign – править, царствовать 21. to restore – восстанавливать 22. to save – спасти 23. to strike – 1) бить, отбивать 2)поражать, впечатлять 24. to survive – выжить 25. to unite – объединять ADJECTIVES 1. graceful – грациозный 2. interior – внутренний 3. magnificent - величественный 4. picturesque - живописный 5. precious – драгоценный 6. sincere – искренний 7. splendid – роскошный, великолепный 8. truthful – правдивый, настоящий

PHONETIC DRILLS

Exercise 1.Pronounce the following words paying attention to the rules of pronunciation of the stressed vowels.

/a:/ heart, remarkable,

/۸/ custom, suburbs, structure, construct

/e/ architectural, emperor, majestic, guest, cemetery, entrance, exile, peasant, commemorate, picturesque

/Eə/burial, fair

/au/ crowned, outskirts

/iә/ imperial, sincere

/כ/ conquest

/כ:/ fortress

/i/ cathedral, magnificent

/i:/ deed, scenery, precious

/u/ truthful

/ei/ graceful, cradle, fate, reign

/ai/ fight, icon, item, survive, unite

/aiə/ admire

/auə/ tower

/ə:/ birthplace, church, preserve

/ju:/ cupola

Exercise 2.Read the following words paying attention to unpronounced letters.

Tomb, exhibit, reign, picturesque

Exercise 3.Remember the pronunciation of the following proper names.

LEXICAL EXERCISES

Exercise 1.Read the following words, define the way of their construction and group them according to the parts of speech (nouns, adjectives)

a birthplace, entrance, fortress, invention, settlement, graceful, uprising, truthful.

Exercise 2.Make up pairs of equivalents.

fate кладбище

a fair основывать

an exile храм

deed ссылка

a cemetery пейзаж

to fight подвиг

a temple конструкция

to survive живописный

scenery судьба

to found сражаться

a structure восстанавливать

to restore ярмарка

picturesque выживать

Exercise 3.Make up pairs of synonyms.

A dome, fight, a subsidiary, a settlement, an uprising, to build, to include, to make an impression, to save, splendid

A revolution, to impress, magnificent, to construct, a battle, village, to preserve, a cupola, a branch, to comprise

Exercise 4.Read the following sentences translating Russian words into English.

1. During the (царствование) of Ivan III the walls and (башни) were redbrick.

2. The clock that (отбивают) every quarter of an hour is on the Spassky Tower.

3. St.Bazil’s (собор) (был воздвигнут) by architects Postnik and Barma to (увековечить) Russia’s conquest of the Kazan Kingdom.

4. Kaluga (была построена) as a (крепость) in 1371.

5. There is his (могила) and a memorial there.

6. Kaluga was a (защитник) of Russian lands.

7. Kaluga was the centre of the (крестьянское восстание) (возглавляемое) by Ivan Bolotnikov.

8. In October 1812 French soldiers (были разгромлены) in the (битве) at Maloyaroslavets.

9. Kaluga region is the (место рождения) of many heroes.

10. Kaluga is the (колыбель) of cosmonautics.

11. The memorial complex (посвященный) to heroes is situated here.

12. (Мемориальный комплекс) is at the (въезд) of the city.

13. There are a lot of (церквей) in Kaluga.

14. This monument (производит впечатление) tourists.

15. This museum (выставляет) a lot of unique (экспонатов).

16. Citizens do their best to (сохранить) architectural (памятники).

Text 1

MOSCOW.

Exercise 1.Read and translate the text using the active vocabulary and notes.

NOTES: a fort – укрепленный пункт

redbrick walls – стены из красного кирпича

to crown – короновать

burial places – места захоронений

Monomach - Мономах

Emperor - император

conquest – завоевание

invaders – захватчики

institution – институт, учреждение

memorial plates – мемориальные таблички

The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin. Together with Red Square it constructs the oldest historical and architectural centre of Moscow.

First the Kremlin was a wooden fort. Under Dmitry Donskoy the Kremlin was built in white stone. During the reign of Ivan III the walls of white stone were replaced by new redbrick walls and towers. The Tsar invited Italian architects to construct the cathedrals. The Assumption Cathedral was built in 1475-1479. The Russian Tsars and Emperors were crowned here. The Archangel Cathedral was the burial place of the Russian Princes and Tsars. The Annunciation Cathedral was erected in 1484. It is famous for the icons painted by Andrey Rublyov and his apprentices.

One of the most remarkable structures of the 16th century – Ivan the Great Bell Tower rises in the centre of the Kremlin. It unites all the Kremlin Cathedrals into a majestic ensemble which faces Cathedral Square.

On the stone pedestal at the foot of the Bell Tower there is a Tsar-Bell – the largest in the world. Not far from it one can see a Tsar-Cannon. They have never been used but are considered to be the examples of art of the 15th century.

Another fine example of Russian architecture is the Faceted Palace. It was built in 1487-1491.

One of the well-known Kremlin museums is the Armoury Chamber. It was built in 1851. The famous golden cap of Monomach is kept here. Another famous museum is Diamond Treasury. The first Russian imperial crown of Katherine II, made of silver, and many other precious historical items are exhibited there.

There are 20 towers in the Kremlin. On the five tops one can see shining ruby stars. The clock that strikes every quarter of an hour is on the Spassky Tower. The Kremlin with golden domes and towers attracts everybody’s attention and makes a strong impression on tourists and guests of the capital.

The square near the Kremlin is Red Square, the central and the most beautiful one in Moscow. Here one can see the Cathedral of St.Bazil the Blessed or the Cover Cathedral erected by architects Postnik and Barma to commemorate Russia’s conquest of the Kazan Kingdom in 1552. Then there is a monument to Minin and Pozharsky in front of the Cathedral. It was designed by Ivan Martos in memory of the Russian victory over the Polish invaders in 1612.

The History Museum in Red Square is a magnificent building, besides, it is one of the major scientific and educational institutions where we can follow the life of Russian people since ancient times.

There is Lenin Mausoleum near the Kremlin wall in Red Square which is considered to be some kind of the museum. Near the Kremlin wall and in the wall we can see memorials and memorial plates to Russian famous people of the 20th century who are buried here.

Exercise 2.Give your own title to this text.

Exercise 3.Answer the following questions:

1) What is the historical centre of Moscow?

2) What cathedrals can we find inside the Kremlin? What are they famous for?

3) What role does Ivan the Great Bell Tower play in the architectural ensemble?

4) What examples of art of the 15th century can we see here?

5) What can we see in the Armoury Chamber and in the Diamond Treasury?

6) How many towers of the Kremlin are topped with ruby starts?

7) Why is the Spassky Tower world-known?

8) What do you know about the history of the Cathedral of St.Bazil the Blessed? What is its second name?

9) Why was the monument to Minin and Pozharsky erected in Red Square?

10) What museums can we find in Red Square and in the Kremlin?

11) Have you got any new information about the Kremlin and Red Square? Have you ever been there?

Text 2

KALUGA AND TSIOLKOVSKY

Exercise 1.Read the following text and say: 1) why the name of Kaluga is associated with Tsiolkovsky

2) what places in Kaluga are connected with his name.

Some places of interest in Kaluga are connected with the name of K.E. Tsiolkovsky. He lived and worked in Kaluga since 1892. In 1936 the house where he had been worked for almost 30 years became a memorial house-museum.

Then there is a monument to him in Peace Square.

The park where he was buried in 1935 is called Tsiolkovsky Park (before it the park was called Zagorodny Sad). There is his tomb and a memorial here.

The schools number 9 and 6 where he taught physics, some other buildings where the scientist lectured have memorial plates on. Kaluga State Pedagogical University bears the name of Tsiolkovsky.

In 1967 the Tsiolkovsky Museum of History of Space Exploration was opened in Kaluga and the first stone of this building was laid by Yuri Gagarin.

There is also a memorial-house of Tsiolkovsky in Borovsk where he had lived before he came to Kaluga.

Text 3

Exercise 1.Look through the list of the words and say what the following text is about.

a defender – защитник

raids of nomads – набеги кочевников

invasion – вторжение, захват

examples of courage – примеры храбрости

yoke – иго

bloody fights – кровавые сражения

wounds – раны

liberation – освобождение

fascists concentration camps – фашистские концентрационные лагеря

Exercise 2.Read the text and give your own title to it.

The history of Kaluga dates back to the 14th century. Kaluga was founded as a fortress in 1371. Since that time the land of Kaluga had been a defender of Russian lands. For several centuries it had defended the Moscow State’s borders from the raids of nomads, Tatar-Mongolian Horde, Polish-Lithuanian invaders, Napoleon’s army and German fascists.

Truthful sons of the Motherland showed examples of courage and spirit fortitude over not so large territory of the land. In 1238 Kozelsk was called “an angry town” for a long-term defense of the town. In 1480 the Horde yoke having been lasting for 300 years finished on the banks of the Ugra River. In 1606-1607 Kaluga was the centre of the peasant uprising headed by Ivan Bolotnikov. In 1610 citizens of Borovsk together with prince Volkonsky defended the Russian land against Polish invaders.

In the war of 1812 Kaluga played an important role. It was the main supply base of the Russian army. In the village of Tarutino the Russian army “saved Russia and Europe”. In October 1812 French soldiers were defeated in the battle at Maloyaroslavets.

In 1941 thousands of soldiers defended their Motherland at the approaches of Moscow. Bloody fights with fascist invaders were taking place on this land till September 1943. The most important battles were at the Ilyinsky Defense Lines, on Zaitsev Hill, near Kremyonky, on Unknown Hill. The song “On Unknown Hill” is devoted to this very episode of the war.

Kaluga region is the birthplace of many heroes. Among them we can’t help mentioning the name of G.K. Zhukov.

Time cured the war wounds, but it cannot reign over man’s memory. Honourable history of the foregoing generations is kept and passed to new ones in created memorial complexes, museums and monuments. One can see them on the bank of the Ugra in memory of the Great Standing, near Tarutino, Maloyaroslavets, the settlement Ilyinskoye, Rubezhenka. One can visit museums in Maloyaroslavets, Lyudinovo (the museum devoted to young partisans), Zhukovo.

One can see monuments to the war in Kaluga. They are: the monument to the liberation of Kaluga, the monument to Victory with the Eternal Flame and the memorial in Victory Square devoted to those who were in fascist concentration camps, to Tankmen, to the Medical Nurse, the Square of Marshal Zhukov, Karpov square, the memorial in the city cemetery.

The memorial connecting the Patriotic War and the Great Patriotic War is situated in Moskovskaya Street.

The memorial devoted to people who fought in Afghanistan and other “hot points” is not far from Victory square.

The memorial complex devoted to the history of Kaluga was opened in 1978. It is at the entrance of the city in Gagarin Street.

Exercise 3.Choose the correct variant of the ending of each sentence.

1) The history of Kaluga dates back to …

a) the 13th century b) the 14th century c) the 15th century

2) Kaluga was the defender of Motherland…

a) during the Patriotic and Great Patriotic Wars

b) in the whole course of its history

c) during Polish-Lithuanian invasion

3) In 1238 Kozelsk was called “an angry town” because …

a) there were a lot of angry people there

b) the Horde yoke finished here

c) of the long and heroic defense of this town

4) Russian army “saved Russia”…

a) near Tarutino b) near Borodino c) near Maloyarolsavets

5) One of the memorial places in Kaluga region connected with the Great Patriotic war is associated with …

a) a poem b) a novel c) a song

6) In Moskovskaya street we can find a monument devoted to …

a) the liberation of Kaluga b) the heroes of Patriotic war c) two Patriotic Wars

7) The memorial devoted to people who … is not far from Victory Square.

a) fought in Afghanistan b) fought in Afghanistan and Chechnya

c) fought in Afghanistan and other different so-called “hot points”

Exercise 4.Find in the text the passages where it is told about the Great Patriotic war and memorials devoted to it, read them and translate.

Text 4

KALUGA.

Exercise 1.Look through the next text “Kaluga” and find the proper names which you can see in the list of the ones given above. Remember their pronunciation and translation.

Exercise 2.Read and translate the text.

Kaluga is one of the oldest Russian cities. It stands on the banks of the Oka River. At every step we can come across with many fine monuments dating back to the 16th-17th centuries. In different parts of the city we can see old churches and cathedrals. The oldest of them are church of the 17th century “of Cover on the Ditch” and the Cathedral of St. George “past the hill” of the same period. Several years ago St. Trinity Cathedral renewed its work. There are a lot of other churches here. The most famous are “of Women Myrrh Bearers”, of St. John the Precursor, of St. Nickolas the Miracle Worker, the Church of St. Kozma and Domian, the Church of Lord’s Transfiguration which is the Representation Church of Pafnuty-and-Borovsk monastery.

There are many other architectural monuments in Kaluga. Among them there is the building of the Local Lore Museum. The museum itself was established in 1897. Since 1922 it has been placed in the former town estate of the merchant Zolotaryov that was built in 1805-1808. Remained wall and ceiling murals, highly artistic bas-reliefs and encrusted floor belong to the work of first-class painters, architects and marble-masters in Russia of the beginning of the 19th century, worked in the workshop of Compioni. Two exposition departments – of history and nature of the land of Kaluga – are arranged in the museum halls. The museum unites 10 subsidiaries, situated in the region districts.

One of the most precious private residences of the first decades of the 19th century of the Bilibins (Chistokletovs) merchants houses the Regional Art Museum. It was organized in 1918 on the bases of the collection of doctor Nikanor Ivanovich Vasilyev, the gratis given to the city. At present the museum contains about 7000 works of painting, graphics, architecture and decorating and applied art. Over 200 of them are exposed in the halls of ancient Russian (16th-18th centuries), Russian (18th-20th centuries) and West-European (16th-19th centuries) art. Art works of painters, such as Tropinin, Levitsky, Aivazovsky, Shyshkin, Polenov, Yaroshenko, Surikov, Savrasov, Korin, Grigoryev, Fonvizin and others are exhibited in the museum. The museum has two subsidiaries: in Tarusa and Ulyanovo picture galleries.

The Korobovs’ Chambers is the first stone building in Kaluga built in the 17th century. According to the legend Marina Mnishek lived in this house but the documents say that the building was constructed several years later her coming. Now it is the branch of Kaluga Local Lore museum. The Makarovs’ Chambers are of the similar design.

The Stone Bridge across the Berezuyevsky Ravine was built in 1780 in honour of Kathenine II’s visit to Kaluga. There are only a few bridges of such design in Europe. The whole architectural complex including the Central Park of Culture and Rest, the Stone Bridge and the building of Prisutstvenniye Mesta (Places of the Attendance) was designed by the architect Nikitin.

An Inn Yard (Gostiny Dvor) was built in memory of the past. It was an old trade centre in the 18th-early 19th centuries.

Many famous people visited Kaluga. N.V.Gogol spent several years in Kaluga and wrote here a part of his famous “Dead Souls” (Myortviye Dushi). There is a memorial in the place of the house where he lived. You can see it in Tsiolkovsky park. The Decembrists were exiled to Kaluga and in Pushkin street you can see a memorial plate on one of the houses. It tells that Obolensky lived here. Also in Pushkin street there is a house where Shamil lived during his exile. Certainly Kaluga is connected with the name of Pushkin. In Polotnyany Zavod not far from Kaluga there was an estate of the Goncharovs. Now it is a museum with a wonderful park. And certainly Kaluga has been visited by cosmonauts of Russia and of foreign countries and by scientists who work in the field of space exploration.

Now Kaluga is an important industrial centre because there are some industrial enterprises in it. Some of them are joint ventures, for example Volkswagen, Citroёn and others.

There are more than 50 secondary schools in Kaluga. Some of them are gymnasiums and lyceums. Young people can continue their education at vocational and technical schools. If they want to get higher education they can enter higher educational schools some of which are branches of famous Moscow and St. Petersburg universities and institutes.

Kaluga is also a cultural centre. Citizens like visiting our Drama theatre which is more than 230 years old. Children can see performances of Kaluga Puppet theatre and the theatre of the Young Spectator. Also people can go to a concert hall, an exhibition hall and cinemas in Kaluga. Pupils, students and researchers have the possibility to work in libraries. The richest one in Kaluga is the library named after V.G.Belinsky.

The main streets of Kaluga are straight and wide. Bus, trolley-bus lines stretch the city in different distance.

Kaluga is decorated with many parks and squares. The oldest one is the Central Park of Culture and Rest. Here one can enjoy the scenery of the Oka and its picturesque banks from the observation platform of this park. The next favourite place of spending free time is the Square named after cosmonaut Volkov. Many sports and cultural events are held here. Due to the greenery Kaluga is called “a corner of St. Petersburg”.

Day after day Kaluga is growing. New residential areas appear in former outskirts of the city.

Exercise 3.Choose the sentence which covers the main idea of the whole text.

1. Kaluga is an ancient city and is beautiful due to its old architecture.

2. Kaluga is both an ancient and a modern city.

3. There are a lot of churches, architectural monuments and modern buildings in Kaluga.

4. Kaluga is our native city and we can get to know its history in the halls of the Local Lore Museum.

5. There are a lot of places where to go to in Kaluga.

Exercise 4.Arrange the following points of the plan according to the contents of the text.

1. Proofs of the fact that Kaluga is a cultural centre.

2. Churches of Kaluga.

3. The possibilities of getting education.

4. The fate of the former private residences in Kaluga.

5. Parks and squares of Kaluga.

Exercise 5.Correct the statements according to the contents of the text. Begin your sentence with: “I’m sorry but you are wrong…”, “I can’t agree with you …”, “According to the text…”, “You are partly right…”, etc.

1). The oldest churches of Kaluga are the Church of “Cover on the Ditch” and the Church of St. John the Precursor.

2). The Local Lore museum has been housed in the Zolotaryovs’ town estate since 1897.

3). In the expositional departments of the Local Lore Museum we can get to know about the history of Kaluga land.

4). Kaluga Regional Art museum was organized due to the collection of the merchant Chistokletov.

5). In the halls of the Art museum we can see the works of Russian art from the 12th century.

6). The Korobovs’ Chambers is the only stone building in Kaluga built in the 17th century.

7). Nikitin designed only the Stone Bridge which is unique in Europe.

8). There are few establishments in Kaluga where people can get higher education.

9). There are no places in Kaluga where children and adults can see theatrical performances.

10). From the observation platform in the Central Park one can admire the view of Kaluga.

Exercise 6.Using the knowledge of our city say in what streets we can see:

the Church “of Cover on the Ditch”,

the Cathedral of St. George “Past the Hill”

St. Trinity Cathedral

the Church of Wives Myrrh Bearers

the Church of St. Nickolas Miracle Worker

the Churchl of Kozma and Domian

the Church of Lord Transfiguration = the Representation church of Pafnuty-and-Borovsk monastery

the town estate of the merchant Zolotaryov

the house of the Chistokletovs

the Korobovs’ Chambers

the Makarovs’ Chambers

the memorial house-museum of Tsiolkovsky

the Tsiolkovsky museum of History of Space Exploration

the monument to Tankmen

the monument to a Medical Nurse

the monument to the Liberation of Kaluga

Exercise 7.Answer the questions using the information of all three text devoted to Kaluga and you own knowledge.

1). When was Kaluga founded?

2). What role did Kaluga play in the history of Russia?

3). What happened on Kaluga land during the Tatar-Mongol yoke?

4). What events took place on Kaluga land at the beginning of the 17th century?

5). What role did Kaluga play in the war of 1812?

6). What places in Kaluga region are connected with the events of the Great Patriotic War?

7). What monuments devoted to the Great Patriotic War do you know in Kaluga?

8). What monument is situated at the entrance of the city?

9). What churches and cathedrals can we see in Kaluga?

10). What buildings are both architectural monuments and museums in Kaluga?

11). What is included into the architectural ensemble designed by Nikitin?

12). Can you prove that Kaluga is a cultural centre? Do, please.

13). Why is Kaluga called “a corner of St. Petersburg”?

14). Can you prove that Kaluga is growing day after day? Do, please.

15). Do you know what famous people visited Kaluga?

SOME ANCIENT CITIES OF RUSSIA

Text 5

Exercise 1.Read the text and get ready to fulfill the tasks.

A trip to Novgorod is a wonderful journey into Russian history. This city was first mentioned in chronicles in 859 A.D.

If you arrive in Novgorod by train, it does not strike you as an ancient city at first sight – everywhere there are new modern buildings – houses, cinemas, shops, cafes and so on. Then suddenly you notice a graceful church at the end of the street, a cathedral at the end of another, and another old church in the third street. Novgorod is planned in such a way that cupolas of its churches and monasteries and the towers of its Kremlin can be seen from every street and every square of the city, wherever you happen to be. All of them are wonderful monuments of architecture, painting and culture of old times. I think no other ancient city of Russia has preserved so many splendid examples of Russian architecture and monumental painting of the 11th-17th centuries as Novgorod.

There are a lot of monasteries in and around the city. One can mention the 12th century Yuryevsky monastery. Its cathedral was built by a Russian master in 1119. Massive and towering it looks like a group of knights in helmets on the lookout for the enemy. Many people come to Novgorod to admire the frescoes by Theophanous, the famous Byzantine artist. The images on his murals are very expressive.

You will also be impressed by the Kremlin, this traditional landmark of all ancient Russian cities. It is in the centre of Novgorod. The simple walls and towers of the Kremlin surround a great many unique relics of different eras.

Exercise 2.Agree or disagree. Begin your sentence with “It’s right…, It’s wrong…, I’m afraid you are wrong…, According to the text…, You are quite right…”, etc.

1. The city was first mentioned in the historical records of the 1st century AD.

2. Novgorod is planned in such a way that we can see beautiful houses in all streets.

3. In many other ancient towns of Russia we can find so many examples of architecture of the 11th-17th centuries.

4. Yuryevsky monastery was founded in the 12th century.

5. The Kremlin is a traditional landmark of all European cities.

Text 6

Exercise.Read the text and say: 1) why this town was included into the famous Golden Ring of Russia;

2) when the State Museum was set up;

3) what painters and architects contributed to the construction of the Museum.

The town of Sergiyev Posadis included into the famous Golden Ring of Russia. It is situated 59 miles outside Moscow. It is famous for its architectural monuments of the 15th-18th centuries and unique works of folk arts.

Its history is closely connected with the establishment and development of the ancient Troitsa-Sergiyev monastery built in the middle of the 14th century.

The State Historical and Art Museum was founded in April 1920 by the Decree signed by V.I. Lenin “On Turning Historical and Art Monuments of the Troitsa-Sergiyev Monastery into a Museum”

The best masters from Pskov and Yaroslavl, famous Russian painters of the 15th and 17th centuries such as Rublyov, Cherni, architects of the 18th century Yermolin, Michurin and Ukhtomsky contributed greatly to the construction of the historical monuments and to the interior decoration of its churches and cathedrals.

THE TOUR ABOUT RUSSIAN CITIES

Text 7

European part

Exercise 1.What famous cities do you know in European part of Russia? What are they famous for? What cities, towns and settlements are famous for their crafts?

Exercise 2.Listen to the text about one of such cities. Write down the missed information.

1) Tula stands on the banks of the ______________________________

2) Inside the walls of the Kremlin there are ________________ cathedrals.

3) The second cathedral is _________________________________now.

4) _____________________ began to develop weapon plants in Tula.

5) The unique museum in Tula is the museum of _________________

6) In a special room of this museum we can taste ____________________

7) On the bank of the Upa we can visit ________________________

8) There is the Shcheglovsky _______________________in Tula.

Exercise 3.Read the text and get ready to find answers to following questions:
1. What are the most characteristic features of Rostov-on-the-Don?

2. When and why was it founded?

3. How did it get its name?

4. How was this city commemorated during the Civil war?

The southern part of Russia is rich in famous places. Rostov region is one of them. Here we can speak first of all about the regional centre Rostov-on-the-Don itself. It has its own special characteristic features. If Moscow is “a big village”, Rostov-on-the-Don is “a big Cossack stanitsa”. In spite of the large size of this city the interpersonal relations are simple and sincere. People always show their real attitude to each other without hypocrisy. Citizens are proud of their city and can speak about it for hours. Now Rostov-on-the-Don includes famous Nakhichevan into its territory.

Rostov-on-the-Don is the port of 5 seas, a great industrial, scientific and cultural centre of the country, important centre of communication. The poets call it “the most brisk city of the south”.

It was founded in 1749 on the right bank of the Don 46 km from the Azov Sea. First it was only a customs point. Then in 1760 a fortress was built and it got the name of Dmitry Rostovsky, then Rostov and later Rostov-on-the-Don in order not to mix it with Rostov the Great. It has a good geographical position and turned into the port for Russian, Greek, Italian, Turkish, Armenian and Persian merchants.

Certainly Rostov has a Local Lore museum. The process of its creation began in 1862. The most interesting hall is devoted to the First World War and the Civil War. Here we can see the model of the field hospital with real articles: syringes, bloody bandages, medical boxes, etc. And certainly one of the most interesting exhibits is “Tachanka-Rostovchanka”

Exercise 4.Read the text and say why Taganrog contributed greatly to the history of Russia.

Taganrogis the town on the bank of the Azov Sea. Only here you can see a frozen sea. The first fortress was laid here by Peter I in 1696. This town is considered to be the cradle of the first Russian Azov fleet. We can see the monument to Peter I in one of the streets. After the defeat in the war with Turkey the fortress was destroyed and only in 1735 it was restored and in 1774 according to the decree of Katherine II Taganrog became a town.

Some famous people lived here for some years. Emperor Alexander I lived here in Grecheskaya Street. P.I. Chaikovsky spent some years here. Now there is a library and a museum in his house. Taganrog is the birthplace of A.P. Chekhov. He lived in Politseyskaya Street. The monument to him was opened in 1903 and in 1920s Chekhov museum was established in Taganrog.

Exercise 5.Read the text and say why this town is of interest to archeologists and historians.

The next famous town in Rostov region is Azov. During the reign of Peter I there was only a fortress here. Originally it was a Turkish fortress.

In the archeological-historical museum one can see the richest collection of the items of the Bronze and Iron Ages, of Medieval period and the treasures of Sarmation Gold. The exhibitions tell about the history and nature, about paintings and applied art of Azov area.

In the streets of Azov we can see the memorials devoted to the time of Peter I. They include the cannons of that time and the monument to him.

Exercise 6.Read the text and say: a) what the first name of this town was;

b) why Aksai is considered to be the centre of Cossack traditions;

c) how one can spend time at the Cossack festival.

In Rostov region there is another small settlement worth visiting. It is Aksai. It was founded in the second half of the 16th century by Don Cossacks. It was first mentioned as stanitsa Ust-Aksaiskaya in 1569. During the reign of Peter I and further on it was the fort controlling the approaches to the centre of Region of Don army. In 1957 stanitsa became the town of Aksai. It is the centre of Cossack traditions. Often there is a Cossack festival here. We can see Cossacks in their traditional dress, listen to their songs, see their dances and even take part in this event. There is also a fair which take place near the church. Here we can taste dishes of special Don Cossack cuisine and buy things of applied art.

Text 8

Exercise 1.What capitals of republics do you know on the territory of Russia?

Exercise 2.Look through the text and find the information a) what heroic people lived in Ufa;

b) what famous people visited Kazan;

c) what new information have you found in this text.

Russia is a multinational state. The capitals of republics are worth visiting.

One of them is Ufa.It is the capital of Bashkortostan. This republic is the birthplace of many famous people. One of them is Salavat Yulayev who took active part in the uprising headed by Pugachov. There is a monument to him in Ufa and it is considered to be the symbol of the city. The next monument is devoted to another hero Alexander Matrosov whose heroic deed was an example of courage for all Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War.

The next city is Kazan.It is the capital of Tatarstan. It is situated on the banks of the Volga. The centre of the city is the Kremlin built in the XVI century by Pskov masters. Nowadays we can see 13 survived towers. Many famous people visited this city. Among them there are the writers Fatykh Amirkhan, Lev Tolstoy, Musa Dzhalil, Maxim Gorky. We can see monuments to them in the streets of Kazan.

It’s interesting to mention that one of the municipal districts in Kazan is called Kaluga.

Exercise 3.Can you guess why Pskov masters built the Kremlin and not the Tatars?

Text 9

Asian part

Exercise 1.Read the next text and get ready to answer the questions which are given after the text.

There are a lot of famous and interesting cities in Asian part of Russia. Among them we can mention such cities as Vladivostok, a great port, Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-the-Amur, which was built by young people in 1930s, Chita and a lot of others.

Irkutsk region is famous for Lake Baikal. Irkutskis situated on the bank of the Angara. In 1652 there appeared the Cossack settlement but already in 1686 it became the trading and administrative one. This region was the place of the exile of the Decembrists. Here also Yaroslav Gashek worked.

The next city of this region is Khaita. It is the place of famous porcelain workers.

Angarskis a young industrial city. It was built only in 1946 in the valley of the young pine wood.

Usolye Sibirskoye was first a settlement, appeared in the XVII century. The inhabitants of it were occupied in the salt mining.

Ust-Kuda is famous as the example of natural landscape called Kamchatnik.

In Urik there is the tomb of the Decembrist Muravyov.

In Olonkythe Decembrist Rayevsky is buried.

Listvyanka is one of the most picturesque places on the shores of the Baikal. Chekhov compared this landscape with the scenery of Yalta.

Bratskis a very interesting city. It consists of several municipal districts which are situated in distance of tens of kilometers from each other.

In one word Irkutsk region is a good place for tourism.

Exercise 2.Answer the questions:

1) What famous cities and towns do you know in Asian part of Russia? Can you remember some others which are not mentioned in the text and what they are famous for?

2) What places in Irkutsk region: a) are famous for their special occupations?

b) are connected with the names of the Decembrists?

c) have unique landscape?

Text 10

Exercise 1.Read the dialogue and say what new information about Valaam you have got to know.

Sally: Sasha, can you tell us what is worth visiting in Russia?

Sasha: There are a lot of places of interest worth visiting. In Moscow, I suggest visiting the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov Picture Gallery and the Bolshoi Theatre.

John: We also plan to go to St. Petersburg.

Sasha: If I were you I would go to the Russian museum. It has a wonderful collection of Russian paintings by famous Russian artists, such as Brullov, Vasilyev, Repin. Through their painting you’ll see and better understand the history of Russia.

Kevin: Is there anything else you could recommend?

Sasha: Yes, I also recommend you to visit the island of Valaam while you are in St. Petersburg. It is situated in the northern part of Lake Ladoga, the largest lake in Europe. You can get there by ship or helicopter from St. Petersburg. People have been living there for over 1 000 years.

Sally: What is there on the island?

Sasha: There is a monastery there. It was destroyed many times, but it was always rebuilt. The monks were very peaceful people, who loved God, nature and mankind. Whenever the island was invaded, the monks refused to fight and kill. The primary purpose of the monastery was to be a spiritual centre of Russian Orthodoxy, but it has also inspired Russian tsars, painters, poets and architects. Until the 20th century the island was free of crime and alcohol.

John: Are there many trees on the island?

Sasha: Yes. The nature on the island is unique. Although the soil on the island, which was brought from the mainland, is only 20-30 centimeters deep, the monks that lived there were able to grow watermelons, pumpkins, and more than 60 types of apples. They even grew melons! There are over 450 different kinds of plants on the island.

John: Does the island get a lot of visitors?

Sasha: Yes, visitors come from Russia, Germany, Great Britain, the USA and other countries.

Megan: Thanks for your advice, Sasha!

Sasha: Have a great time while you are here!

Exercise 2.Make up your own similar dialogue about any city or town in Russia.

SPEECH EXERCISES.

Exercise 1.Make up a story about the Kremlin and Red Square. You must mention other sights of Moscow in your story.

Exercise 2.Tell about Kaluga, its history and its sights.

Exercise 3.Tell about several Russian cities.

WRITTEN TASKS.

Exercise 1. Write a letter to your pen friend. There is a part of her letter.

“… Our class has won the competition and we are going to make a trip to your country. We must arrange the programme of our visit. What can you recommend us to see in your country? What cities and what parts of Russia is it better to see?

Hope to hear from you soon.

Love,

Mary”

Observe the rules of letter writing.

Exercise 2.Write a composition answering the question: Are you proud of your native /settlement/town/city? Why/why not?

Follow the plan: 1. Make the general statement of the problem

2. Give reasons why you are proud of your native place

3. Give facts which spoil you attitude to your native place

4. Make a conclusion

 

Text 1

Exercise 1.Look through the text and say a) why some cities bear the title of the City-Hero;

b) what Cities-Hero you know

On the 22nd of June 1941 the Soviet Union was attacked by fascist Germany and the invasion of the fascist troops began. The war brought to people a lot of grief. Our people did their best to stop fascists. They gave their lives for the freedom of our Motherland. There are a lot of cities in our country which bear the title of the City-Hero. They are called so, because the citizens and soldiers didn’t allow the enemies to enter the city or they showed wonders of heroism during the defense and liberation of these cities. Among them there are Moscow, St. Petersburg (Leningrad), Tula, Kursk, Novorossiysk and others. We mustn’t forget that former Soviet republics also made great contribution into the victory over fascist Germany. On the territory of the former USSR we must mention such cities as Kiev, Minsk, Brest and some others.

Text 2

Exercise 1.Read the text and say why the ice-road was called “The Road of Life”

St. Petersburg (Leningrad) – a City Hero.

Now let’s speak about St. Petersburg. This city was besieged by the enemies and all inhabitants of the city starved. People died one after another. At the height of the siege the whole country came to the help of the inhabitants. Columns of transport with provision came from all parts of our country. But it was due to the famous ice-road of Lake Ladoga – later referred to as “The Road of Life” – that the inhabitants of the besieged city kept on working and fighting. The story of the road is truly unusual.

The fascists hoped that the ice would close the ring of the blockade and the city would be starved into surrender. In spite of hard weather conditions a motor road was laid along the ice. Of course, people had to face a lot of difficulties. Every day the enemy shelled the ice road and new ice was crushed. And very often the drivers plunged into the icy water to save the loads. But nothing could crush persistence of our people. In December 1941 the bread ration was increased. In any weather night and day the trucks moved in an endless stream along the icy road. Never will our country and this city forget those who worked on the Road of Life during the heroic defense of the city.

Text 3

Exercise 1.Read the text.

Kaliningrad (Königsberg) was the first city of the Russian Federation which suffered from fascism. In 1933 here the period of fascism began. In 1938 they burnt down the synagogue and the city was fully administered by the leaders of Nazi party.

But already in July 1941 the Soviet aviation made its first bombarding of this city. The most terrible time for the city was April of 1945. As a result of the fights for the liberation of the city only approximately 7-9% of buildings were not destroyed. German general Lyash signed the agreement on surrender on the 9th of April. After the war a special military area was formed on the territory of Eastern Prussia. In 1946 this region was included into Russia and in the same year it was renamed Kaliningrad.

Exercise 2.Agree or disagree with the following statements according to the contents of the text. If necessary use your own knowledge of some facts. Begin your sentence with some phrase showing agreement/disagreement.

1. Königsberg was situated in Poland.

2. The period of fascism in this city began on the first day of the Second World War.

3. Since the first day of occupation the city was administered by Nazi.

4. The first bombarding of the city by the Soviet aviation in order to make damage to fascists was in 1942.

5. A lot of buildings survived after the battle for the liberation of the city.

6. The city was completely liberated by the Soviet army on the day which is celebrated now as the Victory Day.

7. The city was renamed soon after the end of the Second World War.

Text 4

Exercise 1.Read the text and get ready to answer the questions.

Fascists occupied Kursk region in autumn of 1941. The occupation lasted for 15 months. 10 000 people died from starvation and illnesses, 3 000 were killed, 10 000, mainly young people, were driven to Germany.

As a result of the advance of Soviet troops nearly all territory of Kursk region was liberated. The front line resembled the curve and was called Kurskaya Duga. The northern end of it was in the south-western part of Kaluga region. The battle lasted here 50 days during the summer of 1943. The battle on Prokhorovskoye Pole is called the Great Tank Battle. In Oryol, Belgorod and Kursk regions there are a lot of monuments and memorials devoted to heroic deeds of soldiers, tankmen, pilots, artillerists, partisans.

Exercise 2.Answer the following questions.

1) How did the population of Kursk suffer during the occupation?

2) Why was the front line called Kurskaya Duga?

3) Why can one see monuments and memorials to soldiers of different kinds of armed forces in Oryol, Kursk and Belgorod regions?

Text 5

Exercise.Look through the short text and explain the origin of the name Malaya Zemlya.

Novorossiysk is a city-hero in Krasnodarsky area on the Black Sea coast. In the city we can see memorials to seamen, who heroically defended Novorossiysk. Near the city there is famous Malaya Zemlya, a small strip of land which was strategically important for the defense. Here we can also visit the memorial to soldiers who liberated Novorossiysk.

Text 6

Exercise.Look through the text and prove that Pskov region is the land of heroic traditions.

Pskov land is one of the ancient Russian lands which often defended our Motherland from enemy invasions. The names of the fortresses of Pskov, Pechory, Izborsk, Porkhov, Ostrov, Opochka, Sebezha and Velikiye Luki remind us of the heroic traditions of this land. The village of Chernushki is the place of the heroic dead of Alexander Matrosov. During the fascist occupation Matvei Kuzmin repeated the heroic deed of Ivan Susanin. The village of Krasnukha had the same fate as Khatyn in Byelorussia. Pskov land is a well-known partisan area. In every city and village of this land we can find a lot of monuments and memorials.

LEXICAL AND FACT EXERCISES

Exercise 1.Insert necessary prepositions.

1) A lot __ people __ different countries fought __ the war because they want to live __ peace.

2) __ 1943 my grandfather was __ front. He took part __ many terrible battles.

3) People were fighting __ the freedom and independence __ the country, defending it __ the German fascists.

4) __ the 25th __ August people __ our country celebrate the Day __ the end __ Kursk battle.

5) When our town was liberated __ the enemy, my grandmother, who was 18 __ that time, joined __ the Soviet army.

6) German General signed the agreement __ surrender __ April.

7) 10 000 people were driven __ Germany.

8) The names __ these places remind us __ the heroic traditions __ this land.

Exercise 2.Read the sentences aloud translating Russian parts into English.

1) In June 1941 the Soviet Union (был атакован) by (фашистской Германией) and the (вторжение) of (фашистских войск) began.

2) People (отдавали свои жизни) for the (свободу нашей Родины).

3) Citizens and soldiers didn’t allow (врагам) to enter the city or showed (чудеса героизма) during the (обороны) and (освобождения) of the city.

4) We must mention some (города-герои) on the territory of the (бывшего Советского Союза).

5) But (именно благодаря известной дороге по льду) of Lake Ladoga that the (жители) of the (осажденного города) kept on working and fighting.

6) Very often drivers (бросались) into the icy water (чтобы спасти грузы)

7) In December of 1941 the (рацион хлеба был увеличен).

8) In 1938 fascists (сожгли дотла) the synagogue in Kaliningrad.

9) In July the (Советская авиация) made its first (бомбардировку) of this city.

10) (Фашисты оккупировали) Kaluga region in 1941.

11) People of Russia and Ukraine will never forget the (героическую оборону) of Sebastopol, Kerch and Odessa.

12) Many villages in Russia, Byelorussia and Ukraine had (одинаковую судьбу) during the occupation and (были сожжены дотла вместе со всеми жителями).

Exercise 3. Choose the correct answer;

There are four variants of the list of Cities-Heroes. Choose the correct variant.

A. Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Odessa, Sebastopol, Volgograd, Tula, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Minsk, Brest;

B.Moscow, Leningrad, Saratov, Kiev, Odessa, Sebastopol, Volgograd, Tula, Kursk, Rostov;

C. Sebastopol, Volgograd, Tula, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Moscow, Bryansk, Brest;

D. Moscow, Leningrad, Sebastopol, Yaroslavl, Volgograd, Tula, Kursk, Novorossiysk;

Exercise 4.Choose the correct answer;

1.. The battle at … lasted 50 days during the summer of 1943.

2. During the fascist occupation … repeated the heroic deed of Ivan Susanin.

3. The village of Chernushki is the place of the heroic dead of.

4. Near the city on the Black Sea coast there is famous … , a small strip of land which was strategically important for the defense.

A. Matvei Kuzmin; B. AlexanderMatrosov; C. Kurskaya Duga; D. Malaya Zemlya;

 

SPEECH EXERCISE

Make up a story about the Cities-Hero.

WRITTEN TASK

Write a composition: Nowadays some Russian and foreign historians try to decrease the role of the former Soviet Union (and particularly Russia) in the defeat of fascist Germany. What do you think?

Follow the plan: 1. Make the general statement of the problem

2. Give your opinion and reasons for it.

3. Give other people’s opinion and say why they are not right.

4. Make a conclusion

 

CITIES OF RUSSIA

SPEECH PATTERNS

How can I help you? Sorry? Welcome! See you soon! Good-bye! Could you tell me? May I ask you? Excuse me, please. Never mind! Thank you. What a pity! I invite you …/ I’d like to invite you…   Which day would suit you? With pleasure! Чем могу помочь? Извините? Добро пожаловать! До скорой встречи! До свидания! Не могли бы вы сказать мне …? Могу я спросить вас? Извините, пожалуйста. Ничего. Спасибо. Как жаль! Я приглашаю вас…/ Я хотел бы пригласить вас… Какой день удобен для вас? С удовольствием!

Exercise 1.Read the dialogues; translate them paying attention to the usage of these speech patterns.

A. - Excuse me, please, Sir!

- Can I help you?

- Could you tell me how I can get to the Tretyakov Gallery from here?

- Sorry, I can’t, because I am a stranger here, too.

- Oh, what a pity!

B. – Could you tell me if I can get to the Square of Heroes on foot?

- No, you can get there either by bus or by tram.

- How long will it take me if I go there by bus?

- About 15 minutes.

- And by tram?

- A bit longer. It will take you 20 minutes.

- Thank you.

- Never mind.

Exercise 2.Read the following dialogue translating Russian parts into English.

- (Добро пожаловать) to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski! I think your visit to this wonderful region will be unforgettable.

- (Не могли бы вы сказать мне) what first excursion we shall have?

- (Я хотел бы пригласить вас) to see our great valley of gazers.

- (С удовольствием!)

- (Какой день удобен для вас?)

- I think we can start tomorrow morning. I am looking forward to seeing this nature phenomenon.

Exercise 3.Read the dialogues and dramatize any of them.

A) - Excuse me, could you help me?

- What can I do for you?

- Will you show me the way to the Local Lore Museum.

- Certainly, it is very near.

- Shall I take a bus or a trolley bus?

- No, you needn’t. Go straight ahead and then turn to the right on the first traffic lights. You will see a beautiful building of red colour on your right.

- Thank you.

B) –May I ask you how I can get to the Drama theatre?

- Certainly, you will take the trolley-bus 1 and get off on the third stop.

- Is the theatre far from that trolley-bus stop?

- You will see the building of the theatre just on the opposite side of the street.

- And where is the stop here?

- It is just round the corner.

- Thank you.

Exercise 4.Make up a short dialogue: а) invite your friend to see some place of interest.

b) how to get to some place

ACTIVE VOCABULARY.

NOUNS 1. a birthplace – место рождения 2. a cathedral – собор 3. a cemetery – кладбище 4. a church – церковь 5. a cradle – колыбель 6. a customs point – таможенный пост 7. deed – подвиг 8. a dome = a cupola – купол 9. an ensemble – ансамбль 10. entrance – вход, въезд 11. an exile – ссылка 12. a fair – ярмарка 13. fate - судьба 14. a fight – битва, борьба 15. a fortress – крепость 16. an icon – икона 17. an invention – изобретение 18. an item – экспонат 19. outskirts = suburbs - окраины 20. a peasant – крестьянин 21. scenery – пейзаж 22. a settlement – поселение, населенный пункт 23. a structure – зд. конструкция 24. a subsidiary – филиал 25. a temple – храм 26. a tomb – могила 27. a tower - башня 28. trade – торговля 29. an uprising – восстание     VERBS 1. to admire – восхищаться 2. to build – строить 3. to burn down – сжигать дотла 4. to commemorate – увековечить, служить напоминанием 5. to construct – строить 6. to contribute –вносить вклад 7. to date back – датироваться 8. to defeat – наносить поражение, разгромить 9. to defend – защищать 10. to destroy – разрушать 11. to devote – посвящать 12. to erect – воздвигать, возводить 13. to exhibit – выставлять 14. to face – сталкиваться, смотреть на 15. to found – основывать 16. to head – возглавлять 17. to include – включать в себя 18. to make an impression = to impress - производить впечатление 19. to preserve – сохранять 20. to reign – править, царствовать 21. to restore – восстанавливать 22. to save – спасти 23. to strike – 1) бить, отбивать 2)поражать, впечатлять 24. to survive – выжить 25. to unite – объединять ADJECTIVES 1. graceful – гра

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