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B Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups. Module 1 Leisure and lifestyle   Grammar: Revision of question forms; Present simple Vocabulary: Leisure activities Reading: Unusual ways of keeping fit Task: Compile a fact file Real life: Questions you can't live without Vocabulary and speaking Leisure activities A clubbing football going for a run going to the gym playing the guitar rollerblading skateboarding skiing snowboarding surfing the Internet swimming yoga   B Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups. • Which of these things do you enjoy? • Which of these things don't you enjoy? • What else do you do in your free time? 2T1.1 Listen to the results of a survey of leisure activities among people aged sixteen to thirty and complete the missing information in the chart below.   L E I S U R E S U R V E Y We asked 100 people between the ages of sixteen and thirty this question:   Which of these things do you enjoy doing? Here are the results. playing video games __% qoinq ___/___ __ 28% going to the cinema ___% renting a video/DVD ___ % readinq a ___/ ___ 100% going for a ___ 93% going to a ___ ___% listening to the___ 71% playing a____ ___%   3 According to the survey, which activities are the most/least popular? Which results are surprising/different from your country? 4 Look back at the phrases in exercises 1 and 2 and complete the diagrams below with verb + noun combinations. Pay attention to phrases which have the, a, to and for. a GOING TO – the gym b GOING FOR A c GOING + -ing - swimming d PLAYING - video games e DOING f other verbs - renting a video Work with a new partner. Make a list of six leisure activities that you both do. Compare your list with other students. What are the differences? Example: We both like going to the cinema.   Language focus 1 Revision of question forms a Whatdo the letters NBA mean? b W h i chof these countries has never won the football World Cup: Argentina, England, France or Japan? c Whenwere the Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia? d What kindof ball do they use use in the game of rugby? e How oftendo the Winter Olympics happen? f Wheredoes the sport of judo come from? g How manyspots are there on a dice? h Whostarts in a game of chess: the black player or the white player? i Whyare there fifty-two cards in a normal pack? j Howdoes a soccer referee signal the end of a game? k How longdoes an ice hockey match last? l What colouris the shirt worn by the race leader in the Tour de France?   Discuss the following questions.   • Which sports and games are popular in your country? Make a list of ten. • Which sports do you play? • Which sports do you watch on TV? • Do you play any games like chess or cards?   How much do you know about sports and games? Answer as many of the questions in the Quiz as you can in five minutes.   3 T1.2 Listen and check your answers. How many questions did you answer correctly? Grammar Question words Which question word(s) do we use to ask about: a person? who a place? a thing? a time? a period of time? the class or type of thing? the number of times you do something? the way you do something? Word order in questions Put the words in the correct order to make questions. 1 good at / Is/James / sport ? 2 football/play/your friends / Do ? 3 start / the match / does / When ?   Practice Find the correct answers to the questions in the boxes below. a 1 When do you play football? 2 Who do you play football with? 3 Where do you play football? 4 Why do you play football?   My friends from college. Because it's fun and it's good exercise. On Sunday mornings. In the local park.     b 1 How often do you have English lessons? 2 How long are the lessons? 3 Which days do you have lessons? 4 How many teachers do you have?   Two. Twice a week. Tuesdays and Thursdays. Ninety minutes.     c 1 What time is it? 2 What time does the train leave? 3 What day is it? 4 What date is it today?   The sixteenth of May. Monday. Nearly three o'clock. Five forty-five.     A Write the questions for the answers below. Example: I get up at nine o'clock at the weekend. What time do you get up at the weekend?     1 I go to the cinema once a month. 2 I come to school by bus. 3 My birthday is in August. 4 I like rock and jazz. 5 My favourite colour is blue. 6 There are five people in my family. 7 My journey to school takes about half an hour. 8 I would like to visit India and Australia. B Ask the questions to your teacher or another student. Think of other questions as well. - What time do you get up at the weekend? - About seven o’clock. - Seven o'clock! Why do you get up so early? - Because I always go for a run before breakfast.   Reading What are your favourite ways of keeping fit? What other ways of keeping fit are popular in your country? What are the people in the pictures opposite doing? Read the three paragraphs and match them to one of the pictures. UNUSUAL WAYS OF KEEPING FIT KORFBALL A mixture between handball and basketball, korfball is a fast, exciting game. The main difference is that men and women play on the same team. It's also a great way to keep fit! The game began in the Netherlands about 100 years ago, and there are now korfball clubs in more than forty countries around the world. There are eight players on each team - four male and four female - and each player tries to throw the ball (similar to a soccer ball) into the 'goal' which is a bit like a basket but bigger. You can't touch your opponent, kick or run with the ball, and men can only attack against men and women can only defend against women. A game lasts for sixty minutes and the teams change ends after every two goals. 'It's a terrific sport and a great way to meet people,' says Paul Dicks of the British Korfball Association.   T A I - C H I Tai-Chi is a Chinese martial art which goes back thousands of years. It is different from most forms of exercise in that it is very gentle. It consists of a series of slow movements which you must do very carefully and exactly. The big advantage is that you can do it anywhere, anytime, and you don't need to be a member of a club or use any expensive equipment - all you need is a qualified teacher! Tai-Chi fans say it is an excellent way of getting rid of stress. Early in the morning, you can see people doing the gentle movements of Tai-Chi in parks all over China, and it is now common in the West, too. So what's the secret of Tai-Chi? 'Mind and body working together,' says one enthusiast. GAMING FOR FITNESS Most people don't see playing video games as a way of keeping fit. You sit on the floor, or on the sofa, you look at the screen ... and the only part of your body that moves is your thumb. But that's all changing ... Thanks to a brand-new game from Japan called Dance Dance Revolution, gamers are now getting onto the exercise floor. In this case, the floor is a grid of nine squares. You put one foot in the centre and move your other foot in time to the dance music that gets faster and faster as you go through the levels. 'Most gamers just want to go to a fantasy world when they play a video game, but why not have games which are physical as well?' says one DDR fan. So, who knows? Perhaps the gamers in the future will be fit and healthy people - thanks to Dance Dance Revolution.   Grammar Present simple 1 Which of the following sentences describes: • a habit? • something that is always true? a Anna comes from Lublin in Poland. b He has a big lunch and then goes to sleep for a few hours. 2 Put each sentence into: • the question form. • the negative form.   How often? 1 The phrases below tell us how often things happen. Match the two halves of each phrase. every a week on Sundays five times month 2 Here are some more phrases that tell us how often things happen. Number them from 1 (most often) to 6 (least often). sometimes often usually always never occasionally Practice Task: Compile a fact file Preparation: reading ORLANDO BLOOM FACT FILE FULL NAME Orlando Bloom. JOBActor. NICKNAMES Orli, O.B. BORN January 13th 1977, Canterbury, England. HEIGHT 1.80 m. HAIR COLOUR Brown. FAMILY Mother, Sonia. One sister, Samantha - two years older than him. His father died when he was only four. RELATIONSHIP Girlfriend - Kate Bosworth. EDUCATIONAttended St Edmund's School in Canterbury and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, London. HOBBIES 'When I was a kid, I wanted to become a professional football player - but I wasn't good enough. Today I'm a fan of Manchester United. I like sports like bungee-jumping, biking and surfing.' PETS 'When I phone home, the first thing I want to know is how our dog Maude is.' FAVOURITE FOODS 'Anything without meat - I'm a vegetarian. When I go out to eat, I mostly have pizza or pasta.' FAVOURITE BANDS 'I'm not up-to-date. My favourites are people like David Gray and Bob Dylan!' FAVOURITE CLOTHES 'My favourite clothes make is CAP.' FAVOURITE FILM(S) Stand By Me, Amelie. HERO 'Johnny Depp. He's cool!' AMBITIONS 'I'd like to be in different kinds of movies – not just action!'   Task: speaking FACT FILE FULL NAME JOB NICKNAMES BORN HEIGHT HAIR COLOUR FAMILY EDUCATION HOBBIES PETS FAVOURITE FOODS FAVOURITE BANDS FAVOURITE CLOTHES FAVOURITE FILM(S) HERO AMBITIONS   3 Tell the class two things you discovered about your partner. Useful language What's y o u r . . . (full name)? What are ... (your ambitions)? How old/tall ...? When/Where ... (were you born)? When/Where did you ... (go to school)? Have you g o t . . . (a nickname/any pets)? Who is y o u r . . . (hero/favourite singer)? Tell me about y o u r . . . (family/hobbies). What about...?   Optional writing Real life Module 2 Important firsts Grammar: Past simple; Time phrases often used in the past at, on, in, ago Vocabulary: Words to describe feelings Wordspot: feel Task: Tell a first time story Writing: Linking ideas in narrative   Language focus 1 Past simple TV FIRSTS aThe first person to appear on TV was William Taynton - a young Englishman who worked with Scottish inventor, John Logie Baird, the inventor of television.   bMany people call Vladimir Zworykin, a Russian who went to live in the United States in 1919, 'the father of television'. He invented the first 'electronic' TV in 1929.   с In 1936, the BBC (the British Broadcasting Corporation) made its first TV programmes. Not many people watched them as not many people had a TV!   d Cookery programmes were popular even in the 1930s. Frenchman Marcel Boulestin became the first TV chef in 1937.     Grammar 1 How do we form the Past simple of regular verbs? Underline threeregular verbs in TV firsts. 2 There are five irregular verbs in TV Firsts. Write down the infinitive forms.   3 What are the past forms of the verb be?   4 Put the sentences below into question and negative forms. He went to live in the United States. Cookery programmes were popular in the 1930s. Practice 1 T2.2 Read the rest of the article TV Firsts below. Complete the gaps with the correct past Important Firsts 1 Where…………. the first female police officer from? a London b Los Angeles с Rome 2 Toy Story was the world's first 100% computer-generated movie. When………. it come out? a in 1990 b in 1995 с in 2000 3What……….. the first animal in space? a a cat b a dog с a monkey 4 Where………. the world's first traffic lights? a in Australia b in Germany с in the USA 5 Where………. the Tamagotchi - the world's first virtual pet - come from? a China b Japan с Taiwan 6 Who………… the first man to walk on the moon? a Neil Armstrong b Neil Legstrong с Neil Headstrong 7 Where……….. the first McDonald's in Europe open? a in France b in Germany с in the (JK 8 Where…………. the first World Cup finals of the twenty-first century? a in Argentina and Chile b in Japan and Korea с in Portugal and Spain   Language focus 2 Time phrases often used in the past: at, on, in, ago Grammar   1 Complete the phrases with in, on, at or a. a Times:___ eight o'clock ___12.15___midnight. b Days/Dates:___ Wednesday___ New Year's Day___ June 14th с Months, seasons, years, decades, centuries: ___June___ winter ___ 1998___ the 1990s___the twenty-first century d Phrases with last and yesterday: I saw him___ yesterday. We arrived___ last night. They left___ yesterday morning. Practice VOCABULARY Words to describe feelings angry bored disappointed embarrassed excited impatient in a good mood nervous relaxed scared surprised worried   2 T2.6 Listen to eight short conversations. Where are the speakers in each conversation? How do you think the second speaker feels in each case? Use one of the adjectives from exercise 1.   Wordspot Feel 1 The diagram below shows some common uses of feel. Tick the phrases that you already know. Write (?) next to the ones you are not sure about.   FEEL a) a person He feels sad/fine She felt ill.   b) a thing These clothes feel wet. The room felt cold.   c) feel+like   d) +-ing Do you feel like going for a walk?   e) + noun I feel like a cup of coffee.   f) have an opinion You know how I feel about Sheila’s boss.     Task: Tell a first time story Preparation: listening   Task: speaking Useful language A Telling your own story I'll never forget the first time I ... I remember my first / the first time I ... I was ... years old at the time. I was in ... I was with my ... I felt very ... because ... At first... Then ... In the end ...   Linking ideas in narrative Module 3 At rest, at work Grammar: should, shouldn't; can, can't, have to, don't have to Vocabulary: Daily routines, Jobs Reading: Early to bed, early to rise Listening: Training to be a circus performer Task: Choose the right job Real life: Making requests and asking for permission   Vocabulary Daily Routines Reading and speaking Early to Bed, Early to Rise - Get an alarm clock, and put it as far away from the bed as you can. If you don't have to get out of bed to turn it off, then it's no good having one. And remember that two is better than one ... but set the second clock ten minutes later than the first one, and put it in the same place as the first one! W - Don't spend longer than thirty minutes trying to fall asleep. If you can't get to sleep after half an hour, get up and do something quiet, like reading. Only go back to bed when you feel tired. - Drink a glass of warm milk fifteen minutes before you go to bed – it helps you to relax - or have a light snack. But avoid coffee, tea or alcohol: they contain chemicals which will make it difficult for you to sleep. - Make sure all the clocks in the house are ten minutes fast before you go to bed (and try to forget you did this when you wake up the next morning). - Get a friend to phone you early in the morning. And hope that your friend is better at waking up than you are ... and is able to have an interesting conversation at 7 a.m. to help you wake up. - Go to bed earlier. It may be difficult at first, but they say that an hour of sleep before midnight is as good as two hours after midnight. - Have a warm bath - it's a great way to relax. But you shouldn't stay in there too long. More than twenty minutes and you will lose all your energy. And the bath isn't the best place to fall asleep! - Listen to some music - or even specially recorded CDs of relaxing sounds like waves. However, if you have to get up and turn the cassette player off when the music finishes, it's not going to work! - Pretend your alarm has gone off. Imagine you have to get up, have a (cold!) shower, make breakfast, etc. The more you imagine it, the more you want to go to sleep! - Nice, calming music will make you want to stay in bed even longer ...but the horrible sound of static (the electronic noise you get between stations) is enough to get anyone out of bed ... to turn it off!   Discuss these questions.   • Which advice do you think is most useful? • Can you think of any other ways to get to sleep / wake up? • Have you ever got into trouble because you didn't get up in time for school/work?   Language focus 1 Should, shouldn't Grammar 1 Underline the correct ending to the rule. We use should/shouldn't when: a it is/isn't necessary to do something, b it is/isn't a good idea to do something.   2 We use should/shouldn't to give or ask for advice (often with I think... ) I think you should get up earlier. You shouldn't leave your coffee on the computer. Should I revise everything? 3 We can also give advice like this: Why don't you get up earlier? Try getting up earlier. Language focus 2 Practice 1 Look at the list of activities below. Think about a normal day for you. Write sentences with have to, don't have to, can or can't. a wait for other people to use the bathroom. I don’t have to wait for other people to use the bathroom. b leave home after eight o'clock I can leave home after eight o’clock if I want to. с catch the bus or train d make my own breakfast e study in the evening f send e-mails j cook a meal for my family h work in the evening i stay out after eleven in the evening j sit in front of a computer k go to the supermarket Vocabulary Jobs Preparation: listening Task: speaking Useful language A Comparing your ideas I think (Morgan) should become a (nurse) because she can ... I (don't) think Carmen will be a good (librarian) because ... Jong is very (hard-working) so he'll be a good (accountant) or perhaps he should ... B Agreeing and disagreeing What do you think? Do you agree? I'm not sure. I don't know. Maybe he should be a ...   Real life MODULE 4 Special occasions Grammar: Present continuous and Present simple; Present continuous for future arrangements Vocabulary: Dates and special occasions Reading: Birthday traditions around the world Listening: New Year in two different cultures Wordspot: day Task: Talk about a personal calendar Real life: Phrases for special occasions Writing: Write an invitation   Vocabulary and speaking Dates and special occasions A В 1 cook a a cake 2 dress cards to people 3 eat flowers 4 exchange late 5 have a out 6 invite people presents 7 make relatives 8 send special meal 9 stay up to your home 10 visit up 11 buy off work     The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago. People thought that there was a special danger from evil spirits, so friends and family came together to bring good thoughts and wishes and even presents. At one time, only kings had birthday parties but as time went by, children and then adults began to have their own birthday celebrations. There are some traditions - such as sending birthday cards, blowing out the candles on a birthday cake and singing the 'Happy Birthday' song, that you can find almost anywhere, any time. Others are more specific to certain ages ... and certain countries. Reading Language focus 1 Practice Listening Language focus 2 Giacomo from Italy 'This New Year my family (a)_____ a house in the mountains. Some friends of mine (b)_____ to stay. It'll be great!'   Nicola from England 'I (c)_______a party on New Year's Eve. I've invited hundreds of people. I hope they all come!'   Nestor from Brazil 'My mother (d)_____ a special dinner for all the family. Then, at twelve o'clock, my friends and I (e ) _______to the beach. We (f)________ lots of other people for a big beach party.'   Practice Wordspot Day 1 Complete the conversations with a word or phrase from the box to make a phrase with day.   the day before yesterday a day off Have a good day every day go out for the day bad day six days a week one day the day after tomorrow all day the other day twice a day   a I saw Ahmed______ . He seemed to be very happy with his new job. b I'm so tired. What I need is______ work. c I'm sure they'll get married_______ . d It's so boring. We do the same things_______ . I need a change. e It's my uncle's birthday_______ . I must remember to send him a card. f 'Right. I'm going. I'll see you tonight.' 'All right then._______! Don't work too hard! g It's Thursday today, and we arrived here_______ - on Tuesday. h All she wants to do on holiday is sit by the swimming pool _______and relax. i You need to take this medicine______ - first thing in the morning and before going to bed. j The information centre is open_______ - it's only closed on Sundays. k After so much time at home, we decided to_______ , so we went to the beach. l It was a_______ today -I was late for work, had an argument with my best friend and lost my handbag.   DAY a the past (the day before yesterday) b the future (one day) c how often/how long (all day) d other (a day off) Preparation: listening   Task: speaking 1 Work individually. Draw a personal calendar like the one below. In the calendar, include as many of these days as you can. • an important birthday or anniversary • an important day in your country (Independence Day, a national holiday, etc.) • an important date from your past • a day where you've arranged to do something • a day when something interesting happened to you recently Work in pairs or small groups. Useful language A Explaining your calendar March 2nd is my mother's birthday. For (July) I put the 19th because ... July 10th is the day when ... In (Mexico), ... is a very important date because ... In May we always go / we're going to / we went to ...   B Questions What happens / happened / is happening on ...? What do you usually do on ...? Why did you put...? Why is ... important for you? Real life Phrases for special occasions New Year Birthday Illness Christmas Wedding Wedding anniversary   Writing Write an invitation That they appear. Personal news • Contact details • When the event is happening • Greeting • Arrangements to meet • Signing off • Where it is and how to get there •   Module 5 Appearances Grammar: Comparative and superlative adjectives; Vocabulary: Describing people; Physical appearance Reading: You're gorgeous Wordspot: look Task: Describe a suspect to the police   Reading and vocabulary Physical appearance APPEARANCE a general appearance (attractive) b height c build (slim) d skin e eyes f hair Language focus 1 A В a She's older fromthe others. bThe best asmine. с It's the same thanme. d It's similar likeme. e They're different tothis one. f She looks inthe world.

Practice

Language focus 2

Describing people

Practice

Work in pairs or teams.

• Individually, choose a photo of a person everybody knows.

• Write a detailed description of that person.

• Show your description to your partner. Can he/she guess?

Wordspot

Look

LOOK

a see (have a look)

b describing people (good-loking)

c try to find

d other phrasal verbs

MODULE 6

Time off

Grammar: Intentions and wishes going to, planning to, would like to, would rather; Predictions will and won't

Vocabulary: Holidays

Listening: The holiday from hell

Real life: Social chit-chat

Task: Plan your dream holiday

Writing: Write a postcard

Language focus 1

Intentions and wishes

Practice

Free time

a (plan/have) any days or weekends away in the near future. Who (plan/go) with?

b Which places near your home (like/visit) for the day?

c Which other parts of your country (like/visit) for a few days?

d For a weekend away, (rather/visit) the mountains, the seaside or a city?

e Which of these cities (rather/visit) for a long weekend: New York, Paris or London?

f Which other cities (would/like) visit one day?

Vocabulary and speaking

Holidays

Listening and speaking

The holiday from hell

* luxurious hotel close to beautiful sandy beach

* three swimming pools, tennis, golf and watersports

* three beach bars and first class restaurant

* average temperatures 28-30°C; average hours of

sunshine per day eight to nine hours

* flying time approximately eight and a half hours from

London

* airport just fifteen minutes by bus from the hotel

Part 1

Mark and Rosa saved up for their dream holiday at a place called San Antonio in the Caribbean - but the dream was more like a nightmare! The holiday cost over (1 )___ each, but they decided to go for (2 )___ weeks in the month of (3 )___ because they heard that the weather was (4) ___there at that time. The problems began when the flight was (5)___ because of bad weather and

they couldn't leave until (6)___ . They finally got on the plane (7)___ hours late! Then, they couldn't fly to San Antonio because there was a (8)___ and they had to fly to the capital city instead, where they stayed in a (9)___ hotel next to the (10)___.

Part 2

The hotel was next to the sea, but it wasn't near a (11)___ : the sea was so (12 )___ you couldn't swim in it and the hotel swimming pool was full of (13 )___ ! To make things worse, the food was terrible, too: for breakfast there were only different types of (14)___ and the lettuce bowl was full of (15)___ I The worst part was when the (16)___ arrived: they felt really (17)___ because of the wind and rain. Because of the weather they had to stay another (18 ) ___in the hotel with (19 )___ to do. They finally arrived in San Antonio (20)___ days late – and someone told them the weather had been (21)___ all the time!

5 a Work in pairs, Student A and Student B. Mark and Rosa are talking to their friend again after the holiday. Start the conversation like this:

STUDENT A: So did you have a good holiday then?

STUDENT B : NO, it was awful! It was a nightmare!

STUDENT A: Why? What happened?

Language focus 2

Predictions: will and won't

Practice

A B

1 Will I have to make will the journey take?

2 Will I have to give will I need?

3 Will I have to crowded?

4 Will I need to book an appointment?

5 Will it be very pay immediately?

6 About how much will to speak English?

7 Will the people be able a tip?

8 How long to sleep?

9 What documents it cost?

10 Will there be anywhere a seat?

Real life

Social chit-chat

chit-chatn informal conversation about everyday things

Preparation: listening

Spain

Andalucia

14 nights £ 8 9 9

Self-catering villa with swimming pool.

• Quiet mountain village

• 40 minutes' drive from beach

Turkey

Bodrum

7 nights £ 429

5-star hotel

Next to beach

Busy nightlife

24-hour room service

Mexico

Cancun

8 nights £489

3-star hotel

• Fantastic beaches and nightlife •

1 5-minute bus ride to beach

Dubai

5 nights £689

Self-catering, luxury apartments.

Fantastic shopping in modern city

Near beaches

Florida

Orlando

14 nights £815

3-star hotel

Near Disney World and other theme parks and beaches

Cuba

Havana

8 nights £779

Self-catering/ hotel

4 days on beach, 4 days in Havana (capital city of Cuba)

Barbados

7 nights £685

3-star hotel

• Quiet resort

• Next to the beach

Thailand

12 nights £ 799

5-star hotel

Asia’s number one holiday resort

Tropical climate, plenty of nightlife.

Task: speaking

Writing

Write a postcard

Grammar Summary

Module 1

A Question words

We use what if there are many possible answers.

What's your name?

We use which if there are only a few possible answers.

Which do you prefer: coffee or tea?

Some other expressions with what and which

What sort/ kind of car have you got?

Which places do you want to visit?

What time does the restaurant open?

Which part of Mexico is Monterrey in?

What colour are her eyes?

What size are your shoes?

B Word order in questions

1 be

They are in the kitchen. Are theyin the kitchen?

You were late for class. Were youlate for class?

Modal verbs

With modal verbs (can, will, might), we also invert the subject and

the verb to form the question.

Erika can ride a motorbike. Can Erikaride a motorbike?

Tomas will be here tomorrow. Will Tomasbe here tomorrow?

Other verbs

a With other verbs, we put the auxiliary verb do or does before the subject.

They play basketball. Dothey play basketball?

Jamie lives near the school. DoesJamie live near the school?

b The question word comes before the auxiliary verb.

Where do you play chess?

How often do you go to the gym?

C Present Simple

Positive form

I / you / we / they know

he / she I it knows

Negative form

I / you I we / they don't(= do not) know

he / she doesn't(= does not) know

Question form

Do I/ you / we / they know?

Doeshe / she know?

1 We use the Present simple for:

a habits or things we do regularly.

I go for a run before breakfast.

b things that are generally or always true.

They livein a small village.

2 These are the spelling rules for he / she / it.

D How often?

Adverbs

Never sometimes often usually / generally always

a With most verbs, we put the adverb before the main verb.

We never go outat lunchtime.

b With the verb be, we put the adverb after the verb.

He's always late for class.

Other phrases

every a day/ week/ month

once

twice

X times

a We usually put these phrases at the end of the sentence.

We go swimming every week

Nadia visits her aunt twice a week

b But we can also put them at the beginning of the sentence.

Every day I go for a walk in the park.

Once a month we go out for a really nice meal.

Module 2

A Past simple

Regular Past simple forms end in -ed in the positive form.

1 We use the Past simple to talk about a finished action or state in the past. It can be something that happened once or many times. We often say whenit happened.

He diedin 1980. (=once)

My father always tookme to school when I was young. (= many times)

We lived in a very small house in those days. (= state)

2 For regular verbs, we add -ed (watched, started). But there are some exceptions.

3 The past of be is was / were.

B T i m e phrases often used in the past: at, on, in, ago

Ago

Ago means before now. We use it to show how far in the past something happened.

I first met Jackie two years ago.

We do not use ago after specific time periods with the.

Module 3

A should, shouldn't

1 We use should to say that something is a good idea or the right thing to do. We use shouldn't to say that something is not a good idea or not the right thing to do.

You shouldbuy a new alarm clock

You shouldn'tleave your bag open on the bus.

2 Should is not as strong as have to.

We have to gonow or we'll be late. (= it is necessary to go)

We should go now or we'll be tired tomorrow. (= this is a good idea)

3 The forms below are often used for giving advice.

Why don't you look for a flat in the centre of town?

Try putting an advertisement in the local newspaper.

Have to, don't have to

a We use have to if something is necessary.

We have tobe at the airport by six o'clock.

b Have to is very similar to must.

Module 4

A Present continuous

1 We use the Present continuous for something happening at this moment or something happening in the present period, but perhaps not at this moment.

Sue's talkingto someone on the phone.

We're studyingFrench this term.

2 For -ing forms with most verbs, we add -ing (starting, going, buying). But there are some exceptions.

3 We do not usually use some verbs in the continuous form.

These are:

a describing mental states.

believe know understand

b verbs connected with likes/dislikes.

like love want

с verbs connected with possession.

have own possess

Module 5

Clever, quiet, simple, gentle.

Irregular forms

Making comparisons with nouns

We can also compare nouns using more and the most.

She's got moreenergy than me.

Our team has won the mostgames this year.

B Describing people

1 We use the question What does he / she look like? to ask about

someone's physical appearance.

What does your friend look like? He's tall, dark and handsome.

2 We use the question How is…? to ask about someone's health.

- How's your mother ? - Oh, she's much better thanks!

We also use How is / was ... ? to ask about someone's work, or their day at school, or their journey.

How was school today? I got an 'A' for English!

How was your journey? Fine. No problems.

We use the question What's he / she like? when we mean Tell me about...

We use this question to ask about someone's personality rather than their appearance.

What are your neighbours like? They seem very friendly.

4 We use the verb be in these questions

(Age) How old isshe? She's about thirty-five.

(Height) How tall ishe? He's about average height.

Is he tall or short? He's very tall.

What colour isher hair /areher eyes? Brown.

5 We use have got to ask about features such as hair, eyes, glasses, beard, etc.

Has he gota beard? No, he hasn't.

Has she gotnice eyes? Yes, they're beautiful!

6 If we use more than one adjective, we put:

a long / short, etc., before 'colour' adjectives (dark, fair, brown).

He's got short brown hair.

b 'opinion' adjectives (nice, lovely, horrible) before other adjectives.

She's got lovely blue eyes.

с We do notput and between the two adjectives.

He's got long blond hair.

Module 6

A Intentions and wishes

1 going to, planning to

Are you going to seehim again?

b We normally use planning to when we have thought carefully about the plan and decided how to do it.

What areyou planning to sayat the meeting?

I'm planning to leavethis company next year.

Would like to, would rather

a We use would like to to say what we want to do.

I'd like to travelround the world one day.

It is less direct than want to and we often use it to be polite, especially in questions.

Would you like tosee the menu?

b We use would rather to say we prefer one thing to another thing. After this form, we always use the infinitive withoutto.

I'd rather go on a walking holidayBeach holidays are boring.

Would you rather sitinside or on the terrace?

B Predictions: will and won't

Will there bea lot of people? [= what do you expect?)

2 Notice the difference between will and going to here.

We're going to visitthe London Eye today. (= this is what we intend / plan)

It'll bebusy and we'll have toqueue. {= this is what I expect)

3 We often use will with I think or I don't think.

Do you thinkFrance will win?

I don't thinkshe'll bevery happy when she hears about this.

4 Notice that there are no will forms of can and must. We use will

be able to and will have to.

We'll be able to go swimming every day

If you go in March, you'll have to takea warm coat.

Irregular verbs