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Make up the plan of the text. Here are the titles in the wrong order. Make the order correct.

- surgical intervention;

- re-education and speech therapy;

- consonants and vowels;

- the reasons for the clefts;

- nasalization;

-the causes of clefts.

 

Make one sentence with each word in the lists ex I(2) and II(1).

Make up five types of questions on the text.

Render the text in English.

Расщелина губы и неба должны быть восстановлены как можно ранее после рождения ребенка. Что касается восстановления расщелины неба, то мнения специалистов расходятся: одни считают, что операцию необходимо делать в возрасте 8- 12 месяцев, другие предпочитают подождать возраста 18- 24 месяцев. Как правило, необходимо более чем одно операционное вмешательство для того чтобы полностью закрыть расщелину. Обучение детей правильному произношению может быть начато только после того, как расщелина полностью закрыта.

В первую очередь, ребенок должен научиться направлять воздушный поток через рот, а не через нос, как было ранее, до операции, т.к. стенки твердого неба не удерживали воздух в ротовой полости и он попадал в нос.

Обучение произношению согласных звуков представляет проблему для логопеда, т.к. они имеют смыслоразличительную функцию. Поэтому в коррекционной работе особое внимание уделяется согласным, даже если гласные звуки остаются назализованными.

 

Translate the text “Speech and Clefts” from English into Russian in writing. Pay attention to the examples – they should be in Russian.

 

Unit 3. Speech Infringements

II. I.1. The text is dedicated to the problem of speech infringements. What have you already known about it?

2.Pay attention to the following terms:

normal sight, hearing and intellect – нормальные, сохранные зрение, слух и интеллект;

speech underdevelopment, speech defects, speech disorders and speech pathology – нарушения речи;

environmental factors – факторы окружающей среды;

age peculiarities – возрастные особенности физического и интеллектуального развития;

to interfere – влиять, воздействовать;

comprehension – понимание (на слух);

to enlarge active and passive vocabulary – увеличивать, обогащать словарный запас.

II.1. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words:

- нарушение речевого развития;

- отличаться от к.-л.;

- фонематический характер речевых нарушений;

- коррекционная работа;

- нарушения устной речи;

- нарушения письменной речи;

- причина;

- наследственные факторы;

- развитие познавательных способностей.

Make a sentence with each word and word combination.

 

Read the text . Use dictionary if necessary.

If a child has normal sight, hearing and intellect, but deviates markedly in speaking, we can speak about a special group of handicapped children, the children with speech infringements. The term “speech infringements” is also applied to speech underdevelopment, speech defects, speech disorders and speech pathology.

Speech pathology is different from speech underdevelopment caused by environmental factors or age peculiarities.

Speech infringements may have phonetic (sound), phonological (interfere with comprehension), lexical and grammar character. All of them require correctional work.

According to clinical-pedagogical classification which aims speech correction there are oral speech disorders (dysphonia, bradilalia, tahilalia, stuttering, dislalia, rhinolalia and disartria, alalia, aphasia) and written speech disorders (dyslexia, disgraphia).

There is also pedagogical classification of speech disorders which was founded in the middle of the 20th century. The principles of that classification are very useful for children grouping.

As for the causes of speech infringements, there are several of them:

- Pre-natal;

- Natal;

- Virus, infectious, somatic diseases of the 1st year;

- Brain traumas;

- Inheritance factors;

- Negative environmental factors.

Each of the listed reasons as well as their combination may cause speech infringements. That is why early diagnosis is of great importance.

The basic directions of speech infringements correctional work are:

- Medical treatment;

- Physical education;

- Development of cognitive activity;

- Early speech development (to understand addressed speech, to enlarge active and passive vocabulary, etc.);

- Logarithmic exercises;

- Drawing, painting, assembling puzzles etc.;

- Esthetic education;

- Social adaptation.

 

III.1.Answer the questions:

1) What is a speech disorder?

2) What other terms are used for speech infringements?

3) What classifications of speech infringements are used?

4) What causes speech infringements?

5) What are the general directions of speech correction work for speech infringements?

 

2. Say whether the following statements are true or false:

1) If a child has normal sight, hearing and intellect, but deviates markedly in speaking, speech therapy correctional work is not required.

2) Speech pathology is different from speech underdevelopment.

3) All speech infringements require correctional work.

4) Speech infringements are caused by environmental factors.

5) The basic direction of speech correction work is physical education.

 

3. Continue the sentences:

1) If a child has normal…

2) Speech infringements may have…

3) According to clinical-pedagogical classification…

4) According to pedagogical classification…

5) The causes of speech infringements are …

6) The basic directions of correctional work…

 

Which word in the list is odd?

1) normal sight, normal hearing, normal intellect, handicapped children;

2) speech underdevelopment, speech defects, speech disorders, speech pathology, speech infringements, environmental factors;

3) Pre-natal, natal, speech defects, virus, infectious, somatic diseases of the 1st year, brain traumas, inheritance factors, negative environmental factors;

4) Medical treatment, physical education, early diagnosis, development of cognitive activity, early speech development (to understand addressed speech, to enlarge active and passive vocabulary, etc.), logarithmic exercises, drawing, painting, assembling puzzles, esthetic education, social adaptation;

5) phonetic (sound) character, pedagogical classification, phonological (interfere with comprehension) character, lexical character, grammar character.

5. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text:

If a … has normal sight, hearing and …, but deviates … in speaking, we can speak about a special group of … children, the children with … infringements. The term “speech infringements” is also … to speech underdevelopment, speech defects, speech disorders and speech pathology.

Speech pathology is … from speech underdevelopment caused by environmental factors or age peculiarities.

Speech infringements may have phonetic (sound), phonological (interfere with comprehension), lexical and grammar… . All of them require … work.

According to clinical-pedagogical … which aims speech correction there are … speech disorders (dysphonia, bradilalia, tahilalia, stuttering, dislalia, rhinolalia and disartria, alalia, aphasia) and … speech disorders (dyslexia, disgraphia).

There is also pedagogical classification of speech … which was founded in the … of the 20th century. The principles of that … are very useful for … grouping.

 

6. Give synonyms from the text to the following words:

- speech infringements;

- subnormal children;

- 1950s;

- direction;

- principle.

 

Make up the plan of the text.

 

8. Make up five types of questions on the text. Work in pairs – ask your partner the question.

Render the text in English.

По наследству могут передаваться особенности строения речевого аппарата, например, неправильная посадка и количество зубов, форма прикуса, предрасположенность к дефектам строения твердого и мягкого нёба (расщелины нёба), а также особенности развития речевых зон головного мозга и даже заикание.

Если один из родителей поздно начал говорить, подобные проблемы могут возникнуть и у ребенка. Хотя речевые нарушения не всегда передаются по наследству, но исключать такую возможность нельзя.

Последнее изменение этой страницы: 2016-08-29

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