TEXT 14 WHAT DOES LAND CADASTRE CONSIST OF?

The land cadastre consists of four parts: 1. land users’ registration; 2. the title of quantity and quality of land resources; 3. soil’s qualities assessment; 4. economic evaluation.

The land use planning agencies register the right on land parcels which are given to land users. The new land users are registered when decisions are taken by local authorities. All kinds of land uses must be registered in land-title books.

The land users are given land parcels for certain uses and for different needs. The lands are divided into agricultural and non-agricultural lands. The former are subdivided into pastures, grazing lands, grasslands and so on. The State land-title book is the only document for land registration.

Land evaluation consists of soil assessment and economic evaluation of land resources. The assessment of soils determines the natural fertility of land resources and capability for agricultural production.

Land inventory is a systematic survey of land capability of all regions. The boundaries of the survey embrace lands of many millions of square kilometers. Land inventory is also a means to control land users. Land use planners make analysis of uses, particularly the efficiency of agricultural production. The data of the land productivity are quite necessary to determine the rate of taxation and for proper land use management. The land users must know the land capability of all the lands which they operate.

Much is being done to carry out soil surveys.

For many years soil scientists and land use planners have been carrying out a program of classification and mapping the soils. There are now soil maps for almost all agricultural areas. These maps describe the quality of the soils and whether the soil is clay, silt, loam, sand or gravel. They indicate the soil’s fertility and agricultural capability.

I. Study the following words:

Control, taxation, survey, soil classification, relate, register, assessment, evaluation, decision, land-title, grazing, grassland, subdivide, efficiency, necessary, capability, rate, productivity.

II. Give the equivalents of the following word combinations in your

language:

Land use practice, level of living, cadastral survey, land conservation, land-title system, soil classification, land inventory, land capability, land user.

III. Write the following verbs in the Present, Past, Future Continuous

Tenses, make up sentences with them:

To increase, to plan, to consult, to meet, to demand, to make, to give, to carry out, to develop, to determine.

IV. Give the antonyms of the following words with the help of prefixes:

Un- :known, developed, pleasant, limited, stable, reasonable, desirable, achieved, natural, successful

Non-:human, natural, moral, resistance, durable, achieved.

V. Read the dialogue and tell what problem they discuss:

From the History of Cadastre

- Why was the land cadastre invented?

- As you know, land is wanted as space to exist in and as a source of raw materials. These two functions required registering and evaluating the land resources.

- What does the word “cadastre” mean?

- The origin of this word is lost in antiquity. The Latin word “capitastrum” meant a book which listed the things to be taxed. There were land, water and forest cadastres. The land cadastre was needed to tax land ownership.

- When did the first land cadastre appear?

- Land cadastre appeared as early as farming. The first map of land uses was made on clay tablets. Land parcels had to be marked when they were exhausted by primitive farming and abandoned. The marks were made on stones and trees. These were primitive land-title actions.

- When did the written cadastral survey appear?

- Cadastral note appeared when writing had been invented. In ancient India people made cadastral notations.

- What did they look like?

- The cadastral notations were plans, texts and primitive mapping. There was also a simple land classification system based on soil surveys.

- How did we learn about ancient land cadastre?

- Mention is made of ancient land cadastre in literature and painting of that time. Primitive forms of land cadastre are found in Greece, Rome, for example.

- How did the cadastre make its way?

- It was through long centuries that the cadastral survey made its way from the marks on the stones to remote sensing from outer space.

TEXT 15 LAND RESOURCES AND THEIR ECONOMIC

EVALUATION

Land use planning calls for a more broad understanding of numerous factors that influence land uses. The planners have to consider and plan the economic returns. They must know all the factors that influence the proper, sound and wise land uses. They are to understand the response of land as the main factor of farm production to varying input combinations of capital and labor.

The great differences which exist in land productivity result in incomes. Through an objective comparative and economic assessment of land resources land use planners reveal the differences between land parcels.

Land economic evaluation serves as a basis for application of modern science and technology in farming.

I. Study the following words:

Land use planning, broad, numerous, to consider, planners, economic returns, proper, response, land productivity, land parcels, economic assessment.

II. Make up sentences with the words & word combinations given

below:

Numerous factors, land productivity, economic returns, land parcel, evaluation, modern science, farm production.

III. Insert prepositions if necessary:

1. They must know all the factors that influence … the proper, sound and

wise land uses.

2. They are to understand the response … land as the main factor … farm

production to varying input combinations … capital and labor.

3. Land use planning calls … a more broad understanding … numerous

factors that influence land uses.

4. The great differences which exist … land productivity result … incomes.

IV. Give the synonyms of the following words:

response, assessment, application, objective, consider, proper, income, reveal.

V. Render the text ‘Land resources and their economic evaluation’: