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Всех технических специальностей

А 647

 

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС

 

BeginnerS (A1)

 

Часть 1

 

Методические указания для студентов первого курса

Всех технических специальностей

Новосибирск

ББК 81.432.1-923

А 647

 

 

Составители: ст. препод. О.С. Атаманова, В.Д. Терентьева,

препод. О.В. Иванова, А.А. Ни, Е.В. Каминская,

Ю.С. Кудинова, В.В. Курникова

 

Рецензент канд. пед. наук, доц. Т.П. Маковская

 

Работа выполнена на кафедре иностранных языков ТФ НГТУ

 

Настоящие методические указания предназначены для студентов I курса всех технических специальностей НГТУ, изучающих английский язык (уровень владения языком А1 – Beginners).

Цель пособия – формирование навыков устной монологической и диалогической речи в сфере бытовой и профессиональной коммуникации в рамках изучаемых тем.

Методические указания включают в себя три модуля: «Высшее образование в России и за рубежом», «Жизнь в большом городе и экологические проблемы», «Наука, техника и выдающиеся ученые».

Каждый модуль содержит обширный лексико-грамматический материал, представленный упражнениями на развитие всех видов речевой деятельности – чтения, письма, аудирования и говорения. Предлагаемые виды упражнений могут выполняться в парах, группах или индивидуально в зависимости от целей, поставленных преподавателем.

Каждый модуль сопровождается приложениями, которые включают в себя дополнительные тексты, предназначенные как для самостоятельной, так и для аудиторной работы студентов.

 

 

© Новосибирский государственный

 
технический университет, 2008

Contents

I. Introductory Phonetic Course........................................................................................ 4

Unit 1. Основные правила чтения букв и буквосочетаний............................... 4

Unit 2. Ударение и интонация, основные модели предложений..................... 8

Appendix 1. Tapescripts............................................................................................. 11

II. Module I. Higher Education in Russia and Abroad............................................... 12

1. Unit 1. Personal Information............................................................................... 12

2. Unit 2. Higher Education in Russia.................................................................... 19

3. Unit 3. Novosibirsk State Technical University................................................ 25

4. Unit 4. Higher Education in Great Britain......................................................... 32

5. Appendix 1. Supplementary Texts..................................................................... 42

6. Appendix 2. Tapescripts....................................................................................... 47

III. Module II. Problems of Big Cities............................................................................ 48

1. Unit 1. Living in a Big City................................................................................... 48

2. Unit 2. Ecological Problems of Modern Cities.................................................. 62

3. Appendix 1. Supplementary Texts (Living in a Big City).............................. 72

4. Appendix 2. Supplementary Texts (Ecological Problems of Modern Cities) 77

5. Appendix 3. Tapescripts....................................................................................... 83

IV. Module III. Science, Technology and Outstanding People in the Field............. 84

1. Unit 1. Science and Technology......................................................................... 84

2. Unit 2. Scientists and Inventors.......................................................................... 90

3. Appendix 1. Supplementary Texts..................................................................... 99

4. Appendix 2. Tapescripts.................................................................................... 103

V. References.................................................................................................................... 104

 
 
 

Introductory Phonetic Course


Unit 1

Основные правила чтения букв и буквосочетаний

Прослушайте кассету и повторите название букв английского алфавита (Tapescript 1, Appendix 1).

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Ознакомьтесь с правилами чтения гласных букв.

Таблица 1

буква открытый слог закрытый слог
a[ ei] [ ei] make [æ] bag
e[ i:] [ i:] be [e] pen
i/y[ ai]/ [ wai] [ ai] time type [i] sit myth
o[əu] [əu] note [o] not
u [ju:] [ju:]   [u:] после j,l,r tube   June, lute, rule [٨] nut

Прочитайте следующие слова, используя правила таблицы 1.

[ ei] [æ] [ i:] [e] [ ai] [i] [əu] [o] [ju:] [u:] [٨]
date mate state fate name fame made make tame ban mat sat fat hat van mad stamp flat me be he cedar Peter met egg hen ten fed bed net met pet nice mine sky dry fry dime my hike by dim fit system skip hit myth hint gym drill stone tone hone mole tone stole note ode go not lot Tom rod odd rob hot got on tune mule fume abuse amuse fuse duty rule June flute rune lute jute July prune lune dust run sun bus fun cut fuss plus

Прочитайте следующие слова, используя правила таблицы 1.

date, June, me, nice, bon, plus, hike, dust, sun, drill, got, ban, tone, state, stone, Peter, lute, sat, rod, ode, egg, name, bus, fed, July, amuse, lot, fat, fame, fuse, rob, hat, fit, prune, sky, by, made, mad, vane, van, dim, fun, duty, lune, Tom, abuse, note, hot, fuss, hose, rune, on, hone, met, jute, be, venous, go, tune, run, pet, skip, odd, bite, fume, cedar, nylon, system, mole, mule, gym, flute, not, type, sin, dry, hit, fry, dime, dyke, myth, mat, mate, cedar, rule

2.3. Ознакомьтесь с основными правилами чтения следующих буквосочетаний.

Таблица 2

гласная+r гласная+гласная
ar [a:] far ea [i:]   team
er [ə:] her ee [i: ] need
ir [ə:] stir ay[ei] play
or [o:] fork oo[u] [u:] перед t, k в большинстве случаев book, foot, moon
ur [ə:] turn    
           

Прочитайте следующие слова, используя правила таблицы 2.

[a:] [i:] [ə:] [ə:] [ə:] [i:] [ei] [o:] [u] [u:]
far star smart dart start lark farm car sharp steam seam tea sea heal meal meat bean neat mean her were per serpent fern berg   stir sir fir dirt dirty shirt bird mirth   turn nurse curse furnace surname purr hurt   feed seen meet heel deed green teen feel been feed ray play lay day stay bay way may hay fork pork torn adorn born morn form dorm wool look took nook cook brook good book wood pool too boot mood room moon soon cool spoon food

Прочитайте следующие слова, используя правила таблицы 2.

far, form, too, star, hay, pork, stir, boot, pool, turn, shirt, moon, bean, day, adorn, her, feed, morn, smart, heel, took, look, may, meat, dart, dorm, were, surname, purr, nook, serpent, lay, seen, bay, meet, ray, mean, start, way, mood, nurse, deed, green, cook, torn, stay, meal, dirty, fir, farm, shirt, day, room, lark, fern, fork, car, play, sharp, per, neat, wool, born, hurt

Unit 2

Ударение и интонация, основные модели предложений

Прочитайте следующие сочетания слова, обращая внимание на ударение.

1. a 'red 'pencil a 'good 'bag a 'white 'cup a 'grey 'hat a 'sharp 'knife a 'white 'skirt a 'black 'board a 'green 'tree a 'dinner 'plate a 'nice 'kitchen a 'big 'flat a 'sunny 'day a 'thin 'notebook a 'silver 'fork a 'rude 'word a 'French ' name an 'old 'spoon a 'dark 'room 2. my 'table her 'room your 'spoon his 'watch our 'flat his 'name their 'books her 'desk my 'fork our 'kitchen your 'pen their 'bathroom my 'dog your 'name her 'cat my 'friends his 'car our 'books

Appendix 1

Tapescripts

Tapescript 1

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Tapescript 2

What's his job? 'He's a teacher.

What's her job? She's a doctor.

Tapescript 3

He isn't a student. He's a teacher.

She isn't a nurse. She's a doctor.

Tapescript 4

– Is Amy from America? – No, she isn’t. – Is she from Spain? – No, she isn’t. – Is she from England? – Yes, she is.

Tapescript 5

1. What’s her name? Amy Roberts

2. Where’s she from? England

3. What’s her address? 18, Market Street, Manchester

4. What’s her phone number? 01161 929 58 37

5. How old is she? She’s twenty.

6. What’s her job? She is a student.

7. Is she married? No, she isn’t.

Tapescript 6

A: Is your name Jeff?

J: Yes, it is.

A: Are you from England, Jeff?

J: No, I’m not from England. I 'm from Houston, Texas.

A: Are you a police officer?

J: Yes, I am.

A: Are you 23?

J: No, I am 25.

A: Are you married?

J: Yes, I am.


Module I

Unit I

Personal Information

Be born in родиться

I was born in 1988.

Хорошо учиться

My sister does well in Literature.

Время

Our family spends free time together.

Work in/at работать где-то

My uncle works at the factory.

work as a... работать кем-то

Her mother works as a teacher.

finish school =leave school закончить школу

A lot of pupils finish school every

year in our country.

Высшее учебное

Заведение)

Last year my brother graduated

from the university.

1.2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What is your name (first name, second name, full name)?

2. When were you born?

3. Where are you from?

4. Where do you live?

5. How many people are there in your family?

6. Do you have any brothers or sisters?

7. What are your father and mother?

8. Do you live in a house or a flat?

9. What school did you finish?

10. What was your favourite subject at school?

11. What books do you like to read?

12. What music do you like to listen to?

13. What things don’t you like?

14. Do you go in for sports?

1.3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be в соответствующей форме:

а) Present Simple - am, is, are

b) Past Simple - was, were

c) Future Simple - shall be, will be

a) 1. My name ___ Shirley Frank.

2. My phone number ___ 718-1930.

3. I ___ from New York.

4. My brother ___ a worker.

5. They ___ at home.

b) 1. My father ___ a teacher.

2. He ___ a pupil twenty years ago.

3. Last month they ___ in the Hermitage.

4. I ___ ill last week.

5. Yesterday we ___ at the theatre.

c) 1. I ___ a doctor, when I grow up.

2. She ___ at school tomorrow.

3. When I come home tomorrow, all my family ___ at home.

4. My sister ___ not ___ at the university tomorrow.

5. They ___ in the Russian Museum next week.

Text I

About myself

Hello, friends. Let me introduce myself. My name is Tanya Bobrova. I am 17. I was born on the 2nd of October, 1990, in Novosibirsk.

Now some words about my family. My family is not very large. There are five people in my family. I live with my parents, my younger sister and my grandmother. My father’s name is Vladimir Ivanovich. He is 40 and he is a doctor. He works at the hospital. My mother’s name is Olga Petrovna. She is 35 years old. She is a housewife. My younger sister Natasha is a pupil. She is in the fifth form. My grandmother lives with us. She doesn’t work. She is a pensioner.

Our family is friendly and we have many friends. We live in a big flat. There are 5 rooms in our flat: a living room, a study, 3 bedrooms. There is also a bathroom and a kitchen there.

Last year I finished school № 5. I did well in all the subjects, but my favourite subjects at school were Physics and Mathematics. I also enjoyed English lessons. Now I am a first-year student at NSTU. In five years I’ll be an engineer.

I like reading detective stories, listening to music, watching TV. Also I like meeting with my friends. We spend much time together. We go for a walk or to a disco party and discuss our problems.

Прочитайте предложения и скажите, соответствуют ли они тексту (true V) или не соответствуют (false X ). Подтвердите ваш ответ текстом. Отвечая, используйте следующие образцы: Yes, it’s true. or No, it’s not true.

X a) Tanya Bobrova is 20 years old. No, it’s not true. She is 17.

b) She lives in Sochi.

c) There are five people in her family.

d) Her father is an engineer.

e) She lives with her parents.

f) Her sister’s name is Olga.

g) She likes English lessons.

h) Her grandmother lives in the village.

i) The family lives in the cottage.

j) Tanya doesn’t like to listen to music.

 

1.8. Подберите к слову из колонки А слово из колонки В в соответствии с содержанием текста.

A B

1. grandmother a. an engineer

2. sister b. a housewife

3. Tanya c. a doctor

4. father d. a pensioner

5. mother e. a student

A B

1. I was born in a. my parents and grandmother.

2. I finished school b. at university is Physics.

3. At present I c. when I was 16.

4. I did well in d. Novosibirsk in 1988.

5. My favourite subject e. Mathematics at school.

6. I live with f. study at the university.

1.12. Составьте рассказ о себе, заполнив пропуски. Расскажите
о себе.

My name is... . I am... years old. I was born on... in... .

We have... people in our family. I live with... .

My father’s name is... . He is... years old. He is a... and he works... .

My mother’s name is... . She is... years old. She is a... .

I have a (younger/elder sister/brother) He/she is a... .

We live in a... . There are... rooms in our flat:...,...,..., and a... .

I finished school number... . My favourite subjects at school were...,..., and.... I like reading... . I like listening to... . I like to watch... . My favourite programmes are... . I don’t like going to the night clubs. I enjoy travelling. Now I am a student of... .We have many subjects at... . My favourite subjects are... .

Прочитайте диалоги по ролям.

1. A:–Hello! My name is Alex. What is your name?

B: – Hi! My name is Olga. Nice to meet you!

A: – Nice to meet you too. Where are you from?

B: – I’m from Irkutsk. But now I am a student and going to live in Novosibirsk with my grandparents.

B: – As for me, I live with my family all my life in Novosibirsk.

A: – And how old are you?

B: – I’m 17. This year I’m also going to study at university.

A: – What university?

B: – NSTU.

A: – Really?! And what faculty do you study at?

B: – Power Engineering.

A: – That’s great! The same university and the same faculty that I am at.

B: – So, I hope we’ll be group-mates*.

2. A: –Hello! My name is Helen. What is your name?

B: –Hi! My name is Sveta.

A: –Where are you from, Sveta?

B: –I’m from Moscow. I’ve come to visit my relatives.

A: –What do you like to do? What is your hobby?

B: –Most of all I like to read different books.

A: –So do I. What books do you like to read?

B: –I like detective stories. My favourite author is Agatha Christy.

A: –As for me, I like to read novels. Would you like to go to the café just now?

B: –Why not? Let’s go.

*group mates – одногруппники

Unit 2

Higher Education in Russia

Take an exam сдавать экзамен

At the university all students take exams.

Pass an exam сдать экзамен

I passed my final exams well.

Fail an exam провалить экзамен

Nobody wants to fail exams.

graduate from university закончить университет

My friend graduated from the

university last year.

Graduate (n) выпускник

University graduates receive their degrees.

continue education продолжить образование

As a rule, all school leavers continue

their education.

An academic year учебный год

At the end of an academic year we

take exams.

Get knowledge получать знания

I study at the university in order

to get knowledge.

Basic (adj) базовый, основной

Basis (n) основа

I study on a full-time basis.

Get a degree получать степень

Our first degree is a Bachelor of Science.

Get a grant получать стипендию

Every month students get grants.

award a degree= give a degree присуждать степень =

Давать степень

The special committee awards degrees.

study=to learn (v) изучать, учить

We study English to know Russian better.

Higher Education in Russia

Higher education plays an important role in the development of any country. It provides the country with highly-qualified specialists. It trains people to become teachers, engineers, doctors and other professional workers.

Today higher educational institutions of Russia include over 700 universities, academies, colleges and other educational institutions.

University gives training on a full-time and part-time basis. Tuition is free only for Russian citizens who successfully pass entrance examinations.

The academic year usually lasts 9 months and has 2 terms or semesters. Students take exams at the end of each semester. If the results of the examinations are good students get state grants. Twice a year students have vacations – two weeks (a fortnight) in winter and two months in summer.

The first- and second-year students get knowledge in fundamental sciences such as mathematics, physics, chemistry and humanities, for example, foreign languages, history, philosophy and others.

At the third year students get more advanced knowledge and begin to concentrate on their special interests, that is, their major subjects.

After four years of study students get a Bachelor’s degree. Then students can continue their studies and in a year or two of further study they get a Master’s degree. After graduating from University they may go on with their study and research and get a higher degree.

Universities have their own students hostels and some of them have large and excellent sport centres.

А В

1. to enter University a. to fail an exam

2. part-time b. special

3. to receive c. final exams

4. to pass an exam d. to graduate from University

5. general e. to give

6. entrance exams f. full-time

A B

1. role a. to go on

2. specialists b. semesters

3. training c. vacations

4. to continue d. part

5. to get e. experts

6. holidays f. tuition

7. terms g. to receive

А В

1) to get a) training

2) to enter b) a part

3) to pass c) the requirements

4) to offer d) a degree

5) to play e) an exam

6) to meet f) a university

2.9. Прочитайте предложения и скажите, соответствуют ли они содержанию текста (true V ) или не соответствуют (false X ). Подтвердите ваш ответ примером из текста. Отвечая, используйте следующие образцы:

Yes, it is true.

No, it is not true.

1. Education provides the country with excellent professionals.

2. There are 3 semesters in the academic year.

3. Students may get a Master’s degree after 6 years of study.

4. The university offers training only on a full-time basis.

5. Students begin to get advanced knowledge from the first year of study.

6. Students may get physical training in the sport centres.

7. Students do not have vacations during the academic year.

2.10. Заполните пропуски словами из текста, подходящими по смыслу.

1. Higher education provides the country with _____ specialists.

2. The _____ year usually lasts 9 months.

3. At the first and second year of study students get ______ knowledge.

4. After four years of study students get a ______ degree.

5. If students pass their exams well they get state _____.

6. Students live in _____.

2.11. Сопоставите вопросы из колонки А с ответами из колонки В.

А В

1. How long is a. They get special

an academic year? knowledge.

2. What subjects do students study b. Universities provide students

during the first year at the University? with living accommodation.

3. What do students get c. The academic year usually lasts

at the third year of study? 9 months.

4. When do students get d. Students learn fundamental

a Bachelor’s degree? sciences.

5. When do students have e. They get it after four years of

vacations? study.

6. What do universities f. They have two weeks in winter

provide students with? and two months in summer.

Unit 3

Выберите правильный ответ.

1. NSTU was founded …

a) in 1945.

b) in 1950.

c) in 1953.

2. NSTU gained the status of a university …

a) in 1985.

b) in 1992.

c) in 1993.

 

3. There are …

a) 8 faculties in NSTU.

b) 11 faculties in NSTU.

c) 15 faculties in NSTU.

4. NSTU has its own …

a) hostels.

b) bank.

c) airport.

5. Students … study at NSTU.

a) from Russia

b) from China

c) from Russia and other countries

3.4. Прочитайте текст, скажите, правильны ли ваши ответы на задание упр. 3.3.

А В

train language

obtain part

sports specialists

teaching block

take knowledge

foreign classes

multi-media camp

3.7. Подберите соответствующий вариант перевода названия каждого факультета.

1. Radio Engineering Faculty a) факультет летательных аппаратов

2. Power Engineering Faculty b) факультет энергетики

3. Aircraft Faculty с) факультет гуманитарных наук

4. Physical Engineering Faculty d) электромеханический факультет

5. Faculty of Humanities е) физико-технический факультет

6. Electromechanical Faculty f) факультет радиоэлектроники

Unit 4

Выберите однокоренные слова.

Study, tuition, college, teach, tutor, student, education, tutorial, educate, teacher, collegiate, educational, coeducation.

4.3. Выскажите своё мнение, выбрав правильный, на ваш взгляд, вариант ответа.

1. There are …in Great Britain.

a) many types of higher educational institutions

b) no higher educational institutions

c) two types of higher educational institutions

2. There are … in Great Britain.

a) 60 universities

b) 80 universities

c) 90 universities

3. One of the oldest universities in Great Britain is …

a) London University.

b) Oxford University.

c) Manchester University.

4. British students study …for a Bachelor’s degree.

a) 2 years

b) 3 years

c) 5 years

4.4. Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова.

academic [,ækə`demιk] program [`prəuցræm ]

college [`kכlιdჳ] revolution [,revə`lu:∫n ]

collegiate [kə`lι:dჳiət] seminar [`semιnα:]

Doctor [ `dכktə] specialist [`spe∫əlιst]

industrial [ιn`dΛstriəl] test [`test ]

material [mə`tιəriəl] tradition [ trə`dι∫n ]

period [pι`ri:əd] type [` taιp ]

4.5. Прочитайте текст и проверьте свои ответы из задания 4.3.

А В

ancient before

lecture full-time study

after new

distance training tutorial

enter graduate from

А В

teacher tutorial

tuition higher educational institution

higher school semester

seminar study

term old

ancient tutor

А В

higher fee

tuition classes

attend degree

Master’s study

Doctor of school

further philosophy

4.10. Прочитайте текст ещё раз и скажите, соответствуют ли следующие утверждения содержанию текста. Используйте следующий образец: Yes, it is true. ( Если соответствует содержанию текста).

No, it is false. (Предложите правильный вариант).

1. There are not many universities in Great Britain.

2. There are no colleges in Great Britain.

3. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities in Great Britain.

4. Redbrick universities were founded between 1750 and 1930.

5.London University is а Redbrick university.

6. New universities appeared before the First World War.

7. Open University offers a distance learning.

8. One can get a Bachelor’s Degree after two years of study.

9. Master’s Degree is the highest degree at universities in UK.

10. Students can get a Doctor’s Degree after seven or more years of scientific work at university.

4.11. Подберите к каждому вопросу в колонке А соответствующий вариант ответа из колонки В.

А В

1. What types of higher schools a) New Universities were founded in

are there in Great Britain? large industrial cities.

2. What universities were founded b) The first degree is a Bachelor’s

in large industrial cities? Degree.

3. What university offers only c) Doctor of Philosophy is

distance learning? the highest degree in British

4. What is the first degree in British higher schools.

higher schools? d) Open University provides people

5. What is Doctor of Philosophy? with distance learning.

e) There are universities, colleges of

higher education and polytechnics

in Great Britain.

4.12. Закончите предложения из колонки А соответствующим вариантом из колонки В.

А В

1. Oxford and Cambridge were a)…аncient, Redbrick, Open,

founded … New.

2. The main types of universities b)… a result of Industrial Revolution.

in Great Britain are …

3. New universities appeared as … c)… Bachelor, Master and Doctor.

4. A student of British higher d)… in 12th and 13th centuries.

school can gеt a degree of a …

4.13. Заполните таблицу:

Type of a university Main feature(characteristic)
1. Ancient ( old) universities  
2. Redbrick universities  
3. New universities  
4. Open University  

4.14. Расположите названия частей текста (4.5) в соответствии
с содержанием. Прочитайте каждую часть.

The degrees you can get in British universities.

New universities.

Ancient universities.

Higher educational institutions in Great Britain.

Redbrick universities.

Open University.

4.15. Составьте вопросы к каждой части текста и устно дайте на них ответы.

Appendix 1

Supplementary Texts

Text 1

Cambridge University

Cambridge University was founded at the beginning of the 12-th century. Now it consists of about 20 colleges. Each college is mostly independent. The teaching includes lectures organized by the University and tutorials. The system of individual tuition is organized by the colleges. Tutorial system of Cambridge University is famous all over the world. Each student has a tutor who practically guides him during the whole period of study. The tutor plans the student’s work and the student discusses every task with his tutor.

After three years of study a student can get a Bachelor’s Degree. If you continue the study you can get a Degree of Master and later a Doctor.

There are many rules and traditions in Cambridge University. For example, there still are colleges for men or for women only. The next thing is that students wear gowns* at lectures, in the University library, for dinners in the college and for official visits.

The education in Cambridge University is expensive. Some students have grants, for the other students pay their parents.

It is interesting that until the 15-th century the history of Cambridge University was not as great as the history of Oxford University. But when Isaac Newton was a professor of mathematics in Cambridge the situation changed. At that time candidates for degree began to take serious exams. Also many laboratories for natural sciences appeared at the end of the 17-th century. For example, Cavendish Laboratory, which is now one of the greatest physical laboratories in the world.

Примечание

* gown (n) – мантия

Text 2

Manchester University

The city of Manchester is in northern England. It was a typical city of the Industrial Revolution, which influenced the development of such type of higher schools as Redbrick Universities. So Manchester University was founded in the second half of the 19-th century. It was one of the first Redbrick Universities in England. It is a public university.

The University of Manchester was formed on the basis of several higher educational institutions. One of the most important of them is Victoria University of Manchester. Let’s say some words about it. It was founded in 1851.By 1880 it included the number of colleges from Leeds and Liverpool. One of its faculties – the faculty of technology later became fully independent. Now it is the Institute of Science and Technology.

Now let’s return to the University of Manchester. The number of its students is over 40 000. They study about 500 academic programs. Students of Manchester University can study more academic subjects than in any other university of Great Britain. The most notable areas of study are engineering, humanities, economics, social sciences. The number of teachers of the university is more than 10 000.

It is interesting to say that the University of Manchester gained the title “University of the Year 2006”.According to the quality of teaching the university is on the 5-th place in UK and on the 9-th place in Europe.

Text 3

University of London

The University of London is a federation of about 44 schools and institutes, which are located primarily in London. The number of students of London University is more than 40 000.A lot of students of the University of London are foreigners.

Now we’ll look at the history of the University. It was founded in1836.It was created as the university for middle class students. At first its function was only to provide examinations for the degrees. Then in 1900 it was reconstructed in its present form. A lot of institutions within the County of London now form the University of London. Some of them are large and the others are quite small. The largest institutions which are part of London University are University College and King’s College. It is interesting that the first female students were admitted in London University in 1878.

The buildings of colleges of London University are situated in many parts of London. They all are quite independent. The schools, institutes and colleges of the University of London are teaching institutions, which provide the study mainly by means of lectures attended mostly by day students. It is necessary to mention that students who attend the university classes are called “internal students”, and those who only sat for the University examinations are called “external students”.

 

Text 4

Moscow State University

One of the oldest Russian institutions of higher education, Moscow University was established in 1755.In 1940 it was named after Academician Mikhail Lomonosov (1711 - 1765), an outstanding Russian scientist, who greatly contributed to the establishment of the university in Moscow. In 1755, on the 25th of January, St. Tatiana's Day, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna signed the decree that a university should be founded in Moscow. According to Lomonosov's plan, there were originally three faculties. First all the students acquired a comprehensive knowledge in the field of science and humanities at the Faculty of Philosophy, then they could specialize and continue at the faculty of philosophy or join either the Law Faculty or The Faculty of Medicine. Lectures were delivered either in Latin, the language of educated people at the time, or in Russian. Originally tuition at Moscow University was free for all students.

Now let’s say some words about the present-day university life. The total number of full-time students is more than 40 000. At the beginning of the21st century Moscow University became an international educational centre, with the Faculty for the Russian Language which has been teaching international students since 1959.

In June 1992 the President of the Russian Federation issued a decree, which established the status of Moscow University as a self-governing institution of higher education. In November 1998, after a wide-ranging discussion, the Charter of Moscow University was approved.

Today Moscow State University comprises 29 faculties and over 350 departments, 15 research institutes, 4 museums, the Science Park, the Botanical Gardens, The Library, the University Publishing House and printing shop, a recreational centre and a boarding school for talented children. 9 faculties have been recently established, along with 47 new departments and 22 research laboratories. Research has recently started in 30 new interdisciplinary areas. At the moment the University Computer Centre represents more computing power than any other educational institution in Russia. There have been major changes in the curricula, with over 200 new academic programmes added.

Text 5

Higher Education in the USA

There is no national system of higher education in the United States of America. One can get higher education in colleges and universities. There are over 2 100 different higher educational institutions in the USA. The course of study usually lasts 4 years. The academic year is usually 9 months or 2 terms. As a rule, classes begin in September and end in June. It is interesting that the first-year students are called freshmen.

Students choose a major subject and take many courses in this subject. After four years, they get a traditional Bachelor’s degree. Then the students may go on to graduate school (старшие курсы) and after a year or two get a Master’s degree.

The highest degree is usually Doctor of Philosophy. The student’s progress is evaluated by means of tests, term work and final examinations in each course. Teachers usually give marks on a five point scale, where letters indicate the level of achievement. “A” is the highest mark.

The methods of instructions in the universities are lectures, discussions, laboratory and course works or seminars.

Most cities have colleges or universities that hold classes at night as well as in daytime. In this way people may work for a degree or just take a course in the subject that interests them.

Text 6

Washington University

The University of Washington was founded in 1861. It is one of the oldest state-supported institutions of higher education on the Pacific coast. The university includes three campuses: the Seattle campus, the Bothell campus and the Tacoma campus. The academic core of the University of Washington is its College of Arts and Sciences.

Washington University offers full-time courses, distance learning, evening-degree courses. Such diversity of forms of study extends educational opportunities to many people. Programs in law, medicine, forest resources, oceanography and fisheries, library science, aeronautics are offered exclusively (in accord with the state law) by the University of Washington. The schools and colleges of agriculture and urban planning, business administration, education, engineering, nursing, pharmacy, public affairs, social work have long tradition of educating students for service to the region and
nation.

No wonder, that the admition to the University of Washington is highly competitive and the university offers programs and exchanges in over 50 countries of the world.

The head of the university is the president of the university. Now the president of the University of Washington is Mark A. Emmert. He believes the role of the administration is to shape the university in such a way that supports the work of the faculty and staff.

Since 1974 the University of Washington has been the number one public university in America in receiving federal support for research and training. Private support also helps the university to contribute some programs and researches.

 
 
 


Appendix 2

Tapescripts

Tapescript 1 to ex. 4.19

“ Living at University”

Most British students choose to go to university a long way from their home town: university is seen as a time to be independent, to live away from home and develop new interests.

British students do not have to pay to go to university, but they do need money to live away from home while they are studying. Some students whose parents do not earn a lot of money are given a grant (money) from the local education authority. If students do not get a grant, parents are expected to pay for their children. Some students borrow money from the bank which must be paid back after they leave university. In theory, the grant pays for rent, food, books, transport and socializing. In fact, the grant is not a lot of money.

Students used to work during the holidays to earn more money, but it is now difficult to find such jobs. The result is that more students are dropping out, failing to finish their courses.

Typescript 2 to ex. 4.20

“Universities and Colleges”

Most big towns in Britain have both a university and a college of higher education. There are 91 universities in Britain and 47 colleges of higher education. Universities offer three- and four-year degree courses; colleges of higher education offer both two-year HND (Higher National Diploma) courses, as well as degree courses.

A degree is the qualification you get from university when you pass your final exams. You are then awarded a BA (Bachelor of Arts), BSc (Bachelor of Science) or BEd (Bachelor of Education).

Undergraduates, students who are studying for degree, go to large formal lectures, but most of the work takes place in tutorials: lessons in groups of ten or more when the students discuss their work with the lecturer.

Module II

Problems of Big Cities

Unit I

Living in a Big City

1.1. Прочитайте и изучите слова и словосочетания.

accommodation (n) [əkכmə´deı∫n] – помещение, жилье, квартира
advantage (n) [əd´va:ntıd3 ] – преимущество
advantage of (over) – преимущество над …
air (n) [εə] – воздух
fresh air – свежий воздух
be able to do smth – уметь, мочь, быть в состоянии делать что-либо
cheap (adj) [t∫ı:p] – дешевый
choice (n) [t∫כıs] – выбор
wide choice – широкий выбор
city (n) [´sıtı] – большой город
city centre [sıtı ´sentə] – центр города
city-dweller (n) [sıtı ´dwelə] – горожанин, обитатель
country (n) [´kLntrı] – страна, деревня
countryside (n) [´kLntrısaıd] – сельская местность
in the countryin the countryside } – за городом, в сельской местности, в деревне
crowd (n) [kraud] – толпа
be crowded – быть переполненным
expensive (adj) [ık´spensıv] – дорогой, дорогостоящий
feed (v) (fed, fed) [fı:d] – кормить
feel (v) (felt, felt) [fı:l] – чувствовать
feel bored [´fı:l ´bכ:d] – наскучить
feel lonely [´fı:l ´lounlı] – чувствовать себя одиноким
find (v) (found, found) [faınd] – находить
find accommodation – найти жилье
job (n) [d3כb] – работа
have a job – иметь работу
well-paid job – хорошо оплачиваемая работа
look for (v) [´luk ´fכ] – искать
noise (n) [nכız] – шум
noisy (adj) [´nכızı] – шумный
particularly (adv) [pə´tıkju:ləlı] – особенно, в особенности
pollute (v) [pə´lu:t] – загрязнять
polluted (p.II) [pə´lu:tıd] – загрязненный
pollution (n) [pə´lu:∫n] – загрязнение
prefer (v) [prə´fə:] – предпочитать
prefer peace – предпочитать спокойствие
relax (v) [rı´læks] – расслабляться
rush hour [´rL∫ auə] – час пик
space (n) [speıs] – пространство
open space – свободное пространство
town (n) [taun] – небольшой город
home town – родной город
     

1.2. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Do you live in a city, town or in the country?

2. Do you like your home city (town)? Why and why not?

3. Now you study and live in Novosibirsk. Is it a town or a city? Why do you think so?

4. What city (town) do you like better? Why?

1.3. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на форму прилагательных.

a) Novosibirsk is big.

Moscow is bigger.

Mexico is the biggest of the three cities.

b) The life in Novosibirsk is expensive.

The life in St. Petersburg is more expensive than in Novosibirsk.

The life is Moscow is the most expensive.

c) The accommodation in cities is expensive.

The accommodation in towns is less expensive.

The accommodation in the countryside is the least expensive. It is cheap.

1.4. Ответьте на вопросы, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных.

a) Is Moscow bigger than Novosibirsk?

Which city is the biggest? (Novosibirsk, Moscow, Mexico)

Is your home city (or town) bigger or smaller than Novosibirsk?

b) Is the life in St. Petersburg more expensive than in Novosibirsk?

Which is the most expensive city of the three? (Novosibirsk,

St. Petersburg, Moscow)

Is the life in your city (town) more expensive or cheaper than in

Novosibirsk?

1.5. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особые случаи образования степеней сравнения.

a) There are a lot of good places to relax in Novosibirsk.

Countryside is a better place to relax when it is hot.

I think the Black Sea coast is the best place to spend holiday on.

b) The weather is bad today.

Yesterday it was worse.

Last week it was the worst.

c) Novosibirsk is far from Moscow.

Krasnoyarsk is farther from Moscow than Novosibirsk.

Khabarovsk is the farthest of the three cities.

1.6. Прочитайте предложения, обращая внимание на использование сравнительных конструкций:

as…as, not so…as, not as… as.

a) The life in Novosibirsk is noisy.

The life in Ekaterinburg is as noisy as in Novosibirsk.

The life in Berdsk is not so noisy as in Novosibirsk.

b) The air in some cities is polluted.

The air in some industrial towns is as polluted as in some cities.

The air in the countryside is not as polluted as in cities.

1.7. Прочитайте прилагательные. Устно образуйте степени сравнения. Сгруппируйте их в три колонки в соответствии со способом образования степеней сравнения.

A B C

-er more особые

-est the most случаи

easy, good, many, expensive, difficult, cheap, dirty, young, old, little, bad, far

1.8. Прочитайте слова, относящиеся к интернациональной лексике, обращая внимание на ударения. Догадайтесь о значении этих слов.

 

public [´pLblık], transport [´trænspכ:t], restaurant [´rest(ə)rכnt], theatre [´θıətə], concert [´kכnsət], museum [mju:´zıəm], park [pα:k], plus [plLs], minus [´maınəs]

 

1.9. Прочитайте следующие пары предложений. Выберите то, которое вы считаете правильным. Приведите свои доводы, используя вводные фразы:

I think – я думаю
as I know as far as I know } – насколько мне известно
in my opinion – по моему мнению

 

1. a) It is easier to find a well-paid job in a city than in a town.

b) It’s easier to find a well-paid job in the country than in a town.

2. a) There are few interesting things to do and places to see in a city.

b) It is particularly difficult to find good cheap accommodation in a city.

3. a) You can enjoy fresh air of the countryside.

b) If you want to relax it’s difficult to find a park in a city.

4. a) Public transport is never crowded in a city.

b) In the rush hour public transport is sometimes crowded and dirty.

1.10. Прочитайте вводные слова и фразы в колонке А и догадайтесь об их значении по синонимам в колонке В.

A B

on the plus side – on the positive side

for example – something used as a model

what is more – also, besides

for one thing – on the one hand

last of all – at last

in conclusion – in the end

all in all – on the whole

1.11. Прочитайте текст, выберите подходящее заглавие для каждого абзаца (один заголовок лишний).

1) Disadvantages of living in the city

2) Young people prefer to live in cities

3) Advantages of living in the city

4) Advantages of getting higher education

Living in the City

Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, it is often easier to find work, and there is usually a choice of public transport, so you don’t need1 to have a car. Also, there are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. For example, you can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, and go to the theatre and to concerts. What is more, if you want to relax you can usually find a park where you can feed the birds or just sit on a park bench and read a book.

However, for every plus there is a minus. For one thing, you might have a job, but if it is not very well-paid, you cannot have many things because living in a city is often very expensive. It is particularly difficult to find good, cheap accommodation. Public transport is sometimes crowded and dirty, particularly in the rush hour and even the parks can become very crowded, especially on Sundays when a lot of city-dwellers are looking for some open space and green grass. Last of all, despite2 all the crowds, it is still possible to feel very lonely in a city.

In conclusion, I think that city life can be particularly interesting to young people, who like the excitement3 of the city and don’t mind4 the noise and pollution. However, many people, when they get older, and particularly when they have young children, often prefer the peace and fresh air of the countryside.

Слова и выражения к тексту:

1. you don’t need – вам не нужно

2. despite – не смотря на

3. excitement – оживленная жизнь

4. don’t mind – не обращают внимания

1.12. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты и прочитайте предложения с ними.

1. жизнь в городе имеет как достоинства, так и недостатки;

2. существует выбор общественного транспорта;

3. поэтому вам не нужно иметь свой автомобиль;

4. на каждый плюс существует свой минус;

5. все жители ищут какое-то свободное пространство;

6. не беспокоятся о шуме и загрязнении;

7. часто предпочитают спокойствие и свежий воздух сельской местности.

 

1.13. Найдите в тексте синонимы следующим словам и выражениям:

1. lots of people

2. flats and houses to live in

3. to have a rest

4. things that cost a lot of money

5. to choose what you like

6. can

7. especially

8. work or position

9. positive side

10. to give food

11. 60 minutes

12. time with heavy traffic

13. to make something dirty

14. empty area

15. area outside towns or cities

16. a loud or unpleasant sound

17. to try to find something

18. people who live in a city

1.14. Просмотрите текст еще раз и ответьте на вопросы (дайте краткий или полный ответы).

1. Where is it easier to find a well-paid job?

2. Are there any problems with public transport? What are they?

3. Where can you go to if you

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