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Colleges and Universities in the USA
EDUCATION
Збірник текстів та завдань до них
для студентів І курсу
усіх спеціальностей
денної форми навчвння
Усі цитати, цифровий та
фактичний матеріал,
бібліографічні відомості
перевірені, написання одиниць
відповідає стандартам
Укладач Г.І. Литвиненко
Відповідальний за випуск Г.І. Литвиненко
Декан гуманітарного факультету Л.П. Валенкевич
Суми
Вид-во СумДУ
Навчальне видання
EDUCATION
Збірник текстів та завдань до них
для студентів І курсу
усіх спеціальностей
денної форми навчвння
Відповідальний за випуск зав. каф. іноземних мов Г.І. Литвиненко
РедакторН.О.Кравченко
Комп’ютерне верстання О.І. Нефедченко
Підп. до друку _____. ______. 2008, поз.
Формат60х84/16. Папір офс. Гарнітура Times New Roman Cyr. Друк офс.
Ум. друк. арк. Обл.- вид.арк.
Тираж 500 пр. Собівартість вид. ____ грн. ______ к.
Зам. №
Видавництво СумДУ при Сумському державному університеті
40007, Суми, вул. Римського-Корсакова, 2
Свідоцтво про внесення суб’єкта видавничої справи до Державного реєстру ДК № 2365 від 08.12.2007 р.
Надруковано у друкарні СумДУ
40007, Суми, вул. Римського-Корсакова, 2.
Міністерство освіти і науки України
Сумський державний університет
EDUCATION
Збірник текстів та завдань до них
для студентів І курсу
усіх спеціальностей
денної форми навчвння
Суми
Вид-во СумДУ
EDUCATION Збірник текстів та завдань до них для студентів
І курсу / Укладач Г.І.Литвиненко. – Суми: Вид-во СумДУ, 2008. – 44c.
Кафедра іноземних мов
Unit 1
Exercise1 Match the English words and word combinations with their native language equivalents:
| 1)to graduate from school | a)відвідувати (коледж, заняття),навчатися | посещать занятия, учиться |
| 2)to attend (college, classes) | b)приймати (на навчання) | принимать (на учебу) |
| 3) high school record | c)результати іспитів | результаты экзаменов |
| 4)test scores | d)прийом (до навчального закладу | прием (в учебное заведение) |
| 5)to admit | e)закінчити школу | заканчивать школу |
| 6)admittance | f)заява | заявление |
| 7)admission | g)шкільна характеристика | школьная характеристика |
| 8)entrance exams | h)вступ | поступление |
| 9)to apply to a university for admission | i)вступні іспити | вступительные экзамены |
| 10)prospective | j)подавати документи для вступу в університет | подавать документы для поступления в университет |
| 11)application | k)майбутній | будущий |
| 12)subject | l) провалитися на іспиті / тесті | провалиться на экзамене/ тесте |
| 13)failure | m)cередній | средний |
| 14)grade | n)дисципліна за вибором | дисциплина по выбору |
| 15)to ensure | o) гарантувати, забезпечувати | гарантировать, обеспечивать |
| 16)average | p)предмет | предмет |
| 17)to pass an exam/ test | q)невдача | неудача, провал |
| 18)to fail an exam/ test | r) здавати іспит / тест | сдавать экзамен/тест |
| 19)elective course | s) oцінка | оценка |
| 20) degree | t)ступінь | степень |
Exercise 2Translate the given words and word combinations into your native language:
field of knowledge, to concentrate on, summer session, alternative, a variety of subjects, a speciality, to take an exam/test, a graduate (student), an undergraduate (student), high school, higher education, to major in maths, a major, professional training, an expert, a discipline department, a master's degree, a bachelor's degree, academic year, college grades, course of study, to complete college, to place on a probation, a semester, a trimester, a quarter, an instructor, student body, a prospective student.
Exercise 3 Make sure you know the meaning and pronunciation of the given words. Consult a dictionary.
to require, to provide, to approve(of), consent, to earn, to range, to ensure, to suspend, to dismiss.
Text 1
Exercise 4
Which of the following statements are true (t),and which are either not true (n.t.) or are not mentioned (n.m.) in Text1. Correct the statements which are not true.
1 No matter what school results a school-leaver has, any person can enter a university.
2 American universities vary in size and sources of financing.
3 Most higher schools are coeducational, that is are available for men and women.
4 There is a great choice of subjects to study in American colleges.
5 American students always have their holidays in summer, and they never study at this time.
6 Bachelor's degree is higher than Master's.
7 "A" grade means a failure.
8 There is no "pass-fail" grade system at American colleges and universities.
9 No one can be dismissed from a college.
10 Higher authorities can change a student's grade for a higher one.
Exercise 5 Give explanations and translation for the italicized parts of Text 1.
Exercise 6 Fill in the blanks with a proper word:
1Prospective students can send their _____ to several universities.
2 At colleges and universities the _____ year is about nine months long.
3 The subjects students specialize in are called_______________ .
4 Summer _____give a student an opportunity to complete college in less than four years.
5 A student can be dismissed because of low________________ .
6To earn a bachelor`s degree a student must complete the course of study with ____________ degrees.
7 For ____ courses a “pass-fail” grade system can be used.
Exercise 7Choose a correct word for each sentence:
unsatisfactory, capable, subjects, almost, encouraged, practicing, inside out, every other, expelled, rope, suspect, applied, history
1 How many ___________is Sam studying at school?
2 I have English classes_______ day:on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
3 It is____ impossible to find a good educational computer program.
4 You will have to do the course again because your work has been_______ .
5 Andy was______ from school because of his bad behaviour.
6 I'm not sure why he didn't go to the college, but I _____________he failed the entrance test.
7 The study of______ can be very interesting.
8 You can learn as much theory as you like, but you only master a skill by ______it.
9 Billy is a most_____ young man; he can do a lot of different jobs well.
10 We can't teach him anything because he already knows his subject.
11 You completely misunderstood my instructions; you got hold of the wrong end of the ____.
12 After the serious talk withhis tutor, Hilary _________himself more conscientiously to his studies.
13 My English teacher________ me to try for a place in the English Department at Jagiellonian University.
Exercise 8Put each of the following words into its correct place in the passage below:
| authority | bachelor's | bodies | campus |
| classes | co-educational | co-ordinate | courses |
| degree | freshmen | graduates | junior |
| located | school | separate | sex |
| special | students | undergraduates | university |
| women | year |
Students
The student body of a 1______or college is divided into 2________ and undergraduates. Graduates have already received their 3 ________degrees, while 4_________ have not. The undergraduates belong to one of four 5__________, according to their 6 ________of study. These are 7________, sophomore, 8 ____, and senior classes. Most schools also admit 9______ students who take a number of 10________, but are not working towards a 11___. Students 12_____ vary considerably from 13____ to school. Some institutions are 14____ , with both men and 15 ____students. Others admit 16____ of only one 17____. A 18___ institution has 19___ men's and women's colleges. They are controlled by the same central 20____ and are usually 21____ on the same campus or nearby 22___.
Exercise 9 Match the words for people in education with their correct definitions:
| apprentice | a) | female teacher in charge of a school | |
| cadet | b) | person who trains sportsmen for contests or prepares private students for an exam | |
| coach | c) | highest grade of university teacher | |
| dean | d) | the lowest teaching rank at a university | |
| disciple | e) | person in charge of a division of study | |
| headmistress | f) | person who teaches you driving | |
| instructor | g) | the head of some universities and schools | |
| lecturer | h) | a person studying to become an officer in the army or a policeman | |
| trainee | i) | someone learning a trade who works in return for being taught | |
| principal | j) | person undergoing some form of vocational training | |
| professor | k) | anyone devoted to the acquisition of knowledge, especially attending university | |
| pupil | l) | a person who attends primary school | |
| student | m) | follower of a religious teacher |
Exercise10 Discuss the following points concerning higher education in Ukraine and the USA:
1. what educational institutions are called a university or a college in Ukraine and the USA, other names used;
2. entering a university: the place entrance exams are taken at, the number of universities a student can apply to;
3. grading system;
4. academic year: how it is subdivided;
5. academic degrees: requirements and period of study.
Exercise 11Tell about the system of education in the USA and Great Britain using the proposed schemes. Make a similar scheme for Ukraine.
The British Education System
Unit 2
Exercise 1 Match the English words and word combinations with their native language equivalents:
| 1)independent work | a) крайній термін | крайний срок |
| 2)to prepare thoroughly | b)шахрайство | обман |
| 3)deadline | c) самостійна робота | самостоятельная работа |
| 4)to submit written papers | d)здавати письмову роботу | сдавать письменную работу |
| 5)to observe all the conditions | e)недопустимий | недопустимий |
| 6)active participants | f)готуватися ретельно | тщательно готовиться |
| 7)strict | g)виконувати всі умови | выполнять все условия |
| 8)diligent work | h)на території університету | на территории университета |
| 9)on campus | i)старанна робота | прилежная работа |
| 10)easy-going | j)підказка | подсказка |
| 11)an outline | k)завдання | задание |
| 12)assignment | l)вимогливий, суворий | требовательный, строгий |
| 13)cheating | m)активна участь | активное участие |
| 14)prompt | n)план, програма | план, программа |
| 15)inadmissible | o)невимушений | непринужденный |
Exercise 2Translate the given words and word combinations into your native language:
classroom discussions, to take an active part in classroom work, classroom discipline, class sessions, to dress informally, manner, mid-term examinations, academic behavior, quiz, plagiarism, coursebook, scholarly book, to cite a source, grading policy.
Exercise 3Make sure you know the meaning and pronunciation of the given words and word combinations. Consult a dictionary.
to treat, unauthorized, at least, to accept, to take into account, incentive, to interrupt smb., to approach, to be due.
TEXT 1
Classroom Behavior
Students in the USA are expected to attend their classes regularly, to prepare for them thoroughly (at least two hours of independent preparation for every class), and to take an active part in classroom discussions and in every kind of classroom work. There is always a deadline for submitting all kinds of written papers, and the paper of a student who is late will not be accepted. In general, if the above conditions and many others are not observed, an instructor is entitled to assign students lower term grades. Taking into account the importance of grades to American students, it is a great incentive to students’ active participation in classroom work and their classroom discipline. This discipline is quite strict. For instance, both the instructors and the students are expected to be exactly on time for class sessions, and the students are always in their seats when the professor enters the classroom. But the discipline, though being strict and ensuring diligent students' work, tends to be rather informal.
Americans often dress informally, especially students, both on campus and for class. It is not considered wrong to interrupt instructors with questions, remarks, and comments on what is said, even to challenge their opinions. That is why if a lecturer sees students raising hands during the explanation, she or he usually stops and answers their questions. The Americans believe that for education and learning experience to be successful, they should be approached in an interested, comfortable, and easy-going manner.
Students usually get at the very beginning of the course the written outline of it, that is the topics to be covered in the course, the readings assigned to it, the dates assignments are due, the time of and requirements to mid-term and other examinations, and the explanations as to grading policy.
An important aspect of academic behavior in the USA is the attitude towards what is called cheating in the classroom, when doing assignments, during quizzes, tests, and exams. Giving unauthorized prompts to your fellow students, using "cribs" and other unauthorized materials, copying other students’ papers and assignments and trying to pass them off as your own, all other cases of plagiarism when, for instance, in her or his paper a student copies whole passages or pages from a coursebook or a scholarly book without citing the source - all these and other similar kinds of behavior are considered as academic cheating. They are treated as a crime. They are absolutely inadmissible. At best the students found guilty of such behavior will be suspended, but quite often dismissed from the university for good. A special record of it may prove a serious obstacle in the student`s future career.
Exercise 4Give Ukrainian (Russian) equivalents and the necessary explanations to the italicized parts of Text 2.
Exercise 5Give answers to the following questions based on the information from Text 2:
1 How much time do American students spend to prepare for classes?
2 Do students’ term grades depend on their active participation in classroom work?
3 Can a student submit a written paper a little bit later than it was assigned by the teacher?
4 What do you know about classroom discipline in American Universities?
5 Is there any special dress code for students in the USA?
6 It is forbidden to interrupt the teacher with questions at American Universities, isn’t it?
7 What information do American students get at the beginning of a course?
8 What is considered “academic cheating” in the USA? What are the consequences of it?
Exercise 6Below are situations in which you might find yourself in the United States. Read each situation, decide what is appropriate, and choose the answer that best fits the circumstances. Draw a circle around the letter in front of your answer.
1 Your teacher, Mrs. Bills, is walking past you in the hallway and you wish to catch her attention and say hello. What is the best way to do this?
a Say, "Hello, Teacher."
b Wave your hand.
c Smile and say, "Hello, Mrs. Bills."
2 You have not done well on a paper, and your professor has called you into his office to speak to you about your poor grade. When he speaks to you, what should you do?
a Look directly into his eyes.
b Look down at the floor.
c Look up at the ceiling.
d Focus your eyes on a distant object.
3 Your math professor has been explaining a problem in class. You understand the first half of the explanation, but you do not understand the rest of the problem. What should you do?
a Raise your hand and tell the professor that you don't understand. Ask him or her to explain the problem again.
b Wait until after class and speak to the professor.
c After class, ask a friend to explain the problem to you.
d Do not ask anyone because this is very embarrassing.
e Forget about the problem. You probably will not need to know it anyway.
4 You have an appointment to see your adviser at 10:30 Tuesday morning. On Monday you are clearly too sick to keep your appointment. What should you do?
a Call the adviser immediately and cancel the appointment.
b Nothing.
c Go even though you are very sick. It would be rude not to go.
d Ask a friend or roommate to keep the appointment for you.
e Write your adviser a note.
5 You are in college and find that you are not doing well in a course. You feel that you are not doing well because you have taken too many courses and are not able to complete all the required assignments. What should you do?
a Stop going to class because you don't have time to do the work.
b Continue the courses and get your friends to finish your assignments.
c See your adviser and ask if you can drop the course.
d Speak to the instructor and ask for a grade of "incomplete" so that you can finish the course work during the next semester.
6 You have been doing well in all your classes except social studies. You have the feeling that the teacher doesn't like you. What should you do?
a Stop going to class.
b Go to class only to take tests.
c Speak to your guidance counselor.
d Do the best you can under the circumstances.
e Speak to the teacher.
7 Your teacher has explained that he determines your grade as follows:
Quizzes 10%
Tests 40%
Reports 30%
Class participation 20%
You do not like to answer or ask questions in class. What should you do?
a Ask to speak to the teacher and explain your shyness.
b Tell the teacher you do not think it is fair to put so much emphasis on class participation.
c Do nothing.
8 While you are taking an examination, you see someone leaning over to copy your paper. What should you do?
a Move your paper closer so that he or she can see.
b Tell your professor.
c Cover your paper so the other person can't see it.
d Tell the other person in a loud voice to stop cheating.
9 You have just received a test paper back from your teacher. She has marked as wrong an answer that you believe to be right because there is another way to interpret the question. What should you do?
a Nothing. The teacher should never be questioned.
b Raise your hand and ask why your interpretation is wrong.
c Speak to the teacher after class.
d Complain to the principal or to your parents.
10 You are in history class and the teacher asks for a definition of free enterprise. You know the answer. What should you do?
a Raise your hand and wait to be called on.
b Do not answer the question. That would be showing off.
c Wait for the eldest and most respected member of the class to answer.
11 Your teacher has just announced a big test for next Friday. That day is a very holy day in your religion, and you intended to stay home to celebrate it. What should you do?
a Raise your hand and, when recognized, tell the teacher that Friday is a religious holiday and you won't be in school. Ask the teacher to change the test date.
b Come to school and take the test.
c Be absent and miss the test.
d Go up to the teacher after class and explain the situation.
Exercise 7Discuss the following issues:
1 Choose one question from Exercise 5 and tell how the answer would be different in your culture.
2 Which of these questions is the most difficult for you to do or to understand? Why?
3 Are teachers perceived differently in your culture? How? What is the role of a teacher in your country?
Exercise 8These are the rules for attending school in the United States. Indicate whether they are also true in your country by putting a check (v) in the appropriate column:
| Rule | Also true (+) or not true (-) in your country |
| Kindergarten through to high school | |
| 1 Always refer to a teacher title and last name: Dr. Walker, Mr. Fields, Mrs. Ramirez, Professor McGuinness (never call a teacher "Teacher.") | |
| 2 Arrive to class on time or a little early. | |
| 3 Raise your hand when you want to ask a question. | |
| 4 You may speak to the teacher from your desk while you are seated. | |
| 5 When you are absent, you must make up the work you have missed. Ask either the teacher or a classmate for the work | |
| 6 If you expect to be away from school because of an emergency, tell your teacher in advance and ask for the work you will miss. | |
| 7 All assignments you hand in must be your own work. | |
| 8 Never cheat on a test. | |
| 9 If you are having difficulty with a class, schedule an appointment to see the teacher for help. The teacher will be glad to help you. | |
| 10 Students must bring a note from a parent explaining any absence or tardiness. | |
| 11 The only acceptable excuse for absence is personal illness, a death in the family, or a religious holiday. It is illegal to stay home from school for any other reason. | |
| 12 When a teacher asks a question and does not name a particular student to answer it, anyone who knows the answer should raise one’s hand. | |
| College | |
| 1 A student who receives a failing grade in a course usually needs to repeat the course. | |
| 2 Students are expected to work hard in their courses. | |
| 3 Students' work is not discussed with parents without the students' permission. | |
| 4 After taking the required courses in their major,students may select their other courses. | |
| 5 All students are considered equal in the classroom and are judged only by the quality of their work. | |
| 6 Students alone are responsible for their progress in a course. They must seek help, either with the professor or in a lab, if they need help with the work. | |
| 7 Any student who has the ability and the desire may apply to college. |
Exercise 9After you have completed the above assignment, discuss your responses with your classmates. Consider how you would feel in an American class and why. Choose items on the list that you would have the most difficulty accepting. Explain why these would be hard for you. Also be prepared to explain which items you would do differently in your country and what the rules are for correct conduct in your country.
Exercise 10Readthe information given below to answer the questions which follow it.
Grades are often calculated differently, not only in different countries, but also in the same country. Generally, in the United States, teachers consider the following areas when computing grades:
Tests: formal examinations
Quizzes: short tests, sometimes given to students without telling them in advance
Homework: work that the students are expected to do individually at home
Class participation: active involvement in the class by asking and answering questions
Research paper: a written report that requires looking up information in the library
Attendance: going to class every time it meets
Promptness: coming to class at exactly the time the class is scheduled to begin and handing in work when it is due
Attitude: showing interest in the class and respect for the teacher, the subject, and the other students.
Schools in the United States use their own grading system. However, most grades are either letter grades (А, В, С, D, F) or number grades. (Please, note that in some schools the letter/number grade may vary by one or two points).
Letter GradeNumber Equivalent Meaning
A 90-100 Excellent
В 80-89 Good
C 70-79 Average Passing
D 60-69 Poor
F 0-59 Failing
Questions
1 Are the enumerated areas also important when computing grades in your country? Which ones are not important?
2 What grading system is used in your country? How does it compare with grading in the United States?
Exercise 10Here are the grades an American student received. What kind of a student is he? In which areas does he need to improve?
English C
Math В
Science D
Social studies В
Physical education A
Spanish F
UNIT 3
Exercise 1 Match the English words and word combinations with their native language equivalents:
| 1) peculiarities | a) під керівництвом викладача | под руководством преподавателя |
| 2) to make an attempt | b) наголошувати (на ), надавати значення | делать ударение на (ч-л),придавать значения |
| 3) under the teacher`s guidance | c) особливості | особенности |
| 4) to develop skills | d) розвивати вміння | развивать умения |
| 5) creativity | e) реєстратор | регистратор |
| 6) research | f) робити спробу | делать попытку |
| 7) to make conclusions | g) творчість | творчество |
| 8) to compare | h) повага | уважение |
| 9) respect | i) порівнювати | сравнивать |
| 10) opinion | j) погляд, думка | опыт |
| 11) joint work | k) перевіряти | проверять |
| 12) to check | l) дійти висновків | делать выводы |
| 13) to make emphasis (on) | m) дослідження | исследованиe |
| 14) experience | n) спільна робота | совместная работа |
| 15) registrar | o) реєстратор | регистратор |
| 16) enrollment | p) кількість студентів | количество студентов |
Exercise 2Make sure you know the meaning and pronunciation of the given words and word combinations. Consult a dictionary.
to reduce, to guide, guidance, depth, distinct from, to include.
Exercise 3Translate the given word combinations into your native language:
to stimulate a discussion, to make a pause, to give preference, interactive classes, to study independently, initiative, skills of independent study, discussion and communication skills, doing in deph-analysis, to cooperate in process of joint work, a qualified specialist, to comment (on), a time-consuming job, out-of-class assignments, private business, a student`s record, a term grade, humanities, engineering, business and management, agriculture, health professions, percent.
Text 1
EDUCATION
Збірник текстів та завдань до них
для студентів І курсу
усіх спеціальностей
денної форми навчвння
Усі цитати, цифровий та
фактичний матеріал,
бібліографічні відомості
перевірені, написання одиниць
відповідає стандартам
Укладач Г.І. Литвиненко
Відповідальний за випуск Г.І. Литвиненко
Декан гуманітарного факультету Л.П. Валенкевич
Суми
Вид-во СумДУ
Навчальне видання
EDUCATION
Збірник текстів та завдань до них
для студентів І курсу
усіх спеціальностей
денної форми навчвння
Відповідальний за випуск зав. каф. іноземних мов Г.І. Литвиненко
РедакторН.О.Кравченко
Комп’ютерне верстання О.І. Нефедченко
Підп. до друку _____. ______. 2008, поз.
Формат60х84/16. Папір офс. Гарнітура Times New Roman Cyr. Друк офс.
Ум. друк. арк. Обл.- вид.арк.
Тираж 500 пр. Собівартість вид. ____ грн. ______ к.
Зам. №
Видавництво СумДУ при Сумському державному університеті
40007, Суми, вул. Римського-Корсакова, 2
Свідоцтво про внесення суб’єкта видавничої справи до Державного реєстру ДК № 2365 від 08.12.2007 р.
Надруковано у друкарні СумДУ
40007, Суми, вул. Римського-Корсакова, 2.
Міністерство освіти і науки України
Сумський державний університет
EDUCATION
Збірник текстів та завдань до них
для студентів І курсу
усіх спеціальностей
денної форми навчвння
Суми
Вид-во СумДУ
EDUCATION Збірник текстів та завдань до них для студентів
І курсу / Укладач Г.І.Литвиненко. – Суми: Вид-во СумДУ, 2008. – 44c.
Кафедра іноземних мов
Unit 1
Exercise1 Match the English words and word combinations with their native language equivalents:
| 1)to graduate from school | a)відвідувати (коледж, заняття),навчатися | посещать занятия, учиться |
| 2)to attend (college, classes) | b)приймати (на навчання) | принимать (на учебу) |
| 3) high school record | c)результати іспитів | результаты экзаменов |
| 4)test scores | d)прийом (до навчального закладу | прием (в учебное заведение) |
| 5)to admit | e)закінчити школу | заканчивать школу |
| 6)admittance | f)заява | заявление |
| 7)admission | g)шкільна характеристика | школьная характеристика |
| 8)entrance exams | h)вступ | поступление |
| 9)to apply to a university for admission | i)вступні іспити | вступительные экзамены |
| 10)prospective | j)подавати документи для вступу в університет | подавать документы для поступления в университет |
| 11)application | k)майбутній | будущий |
| 12)subject | l) провалитися на іспиті / тесті | провалиться на экзамене/ тесте |
| 13)failure | m)cередній | средний |
| 14)grade | n)дисципліна за вибором | дисциплина по выбору |
| 15)to ensure | o) гарантувати, забезпечувати | гарантировать, обеспечивать |
| 16)average | p)предмет | предмет |
| 17)to pass an exam/ test | q)невдача | неудача, провал |
| 18)to fail an exam/ test | r) здавати іспит / тест | сдавать экзамен/тест |
| 19)elective course | s) oцінка | оценка |
| 20) degree | t)ступінь | степень |
Exercise 2Translate the given words and word combinations into your native language:
field of knowledge, to concentrate on, summer session, alternative, a variety of subjects, a speciality, to take an exam/test, a graduate (student), an undergraduate (student), high school, higher education, to major in maths, a major, professional training, an expert, a discipline department, a master's degree, a bachelor's degree, academic year, college grades, course of study, to complete college, to place on a probation, a semester, a trimester, a quarter, an instructor, student body, a prospective student.
Exercise 3 Make sure you know the meaning and pronunciation of the given words. Consult a dictionary.
to require, to provide, to approve(of), consent, to earn, to range, to ensure, to suspend, to dismiss.
Text 1
Colleges and Universities in the USA
When a student graduates from high school, he may attend college if his high school record and test scores are good enough for admittance. Admission of undergraduates does not require taking entrance exams at the university applied to. Exams are taken at special examination centers and their results are directed to the university in question. Prospective students often send their applications to several universities at once. Graduate students are admitted only with the consent of the discipline department in which they plan to study.
American education on the college level (higher education)is provided by more than 3,000 institutions. Some are called colleges, which means that they offer only undergraduate courses. Others are called universities, which means that they have undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools. Colleges and universities offer a variety of subjects. The students can choose different fields of knowledge, but they usually concentrate (major) in one field during the last two years of college.
At the college level, the academic year is about nine months long (usually from mid-September until early June or from late August until May). After completing four academic years with acceptable grades in an approved course of study, the student earns a bachelor's degree. Some students complete college in less than four years by attending summer sessions. Graduate studies lead to obtaining a master's degree. They last not less than one year but in some specialities require two years. At most colleges, the academic year is divided into two or three semesters, excluding the summer session. There is a two or four-week holiday from mid-December (Christmas holiday), and many colleges have a one-week Easter holiday in March or April.
College grades, from highest to lowest, run A, B, C, D, F. A is the highest grade, В is good or above average, C is satisfactory or average, D is below average, whileF is failure. Pluses (+) and minuses (-) are also used as additions to letters to make a finer distinction of grades. For elective courses a "pass-fail" grade system is sometimes used under which students who have completed their course with satisfactory results receive a "pass" grade while those whose results are below the required level receive a "fail" grade.
An undergraduate student is expected to have grades not lower than C and "pass" in all courses, while for a graduate student the expected level of grades is not lower than B. Students whose average grades drop lower are placed on aprobation for a period of one semester, trimester, or quarter. If their grades do not improve during that period students may be either temporarily suspended from studies or totally dismissed. Assigning grades to a student for her or his work is the absolute prerogative of their professor or instructor, and these grades can be changed by nobody of however higher authority.
Exercise 4
Which of the following statements are true (t),and which are either not true (n.t.) or are not mentioned (n.m.) in Text1. Correct the statements which are not true.
1 No matter what school results a school-leaver has, any person can enter a university.
2 American universities vary in size and sources of financing.
3 Most higher schools are coeducational, that is are available for men and women.
4 There is a great choice of subjects to study in American colleges.
5 American students always have their holidays in summer, and they never study at this time.
6 Bachelor's degree is higher than Master's.
7 "A" grade means a failure.
8 There is no "pass-fail" grade system at American colleges and universities.
9 No one can be dismissed from a college.
10 Higher authorities can change a student's grade for a higher one.
Exercise 5 Give explanations and translation for the italicized parts of Text 1.
Exercise 6 Fill in the blanks with a proper word:
1Prospective students can send their _____ to several universities.
2 At colleges and universities the _____ year is about nine months long.
3 The subjects students specialize in are called_______________ .
4 Summer _____give a student an opportunity to complete college in less than four years.
5 A student can be dismissed because of low________________ .
6To earn a bachelor`s degree a student must complete the course of study with ____________ degrees.
7 For ____ courses a “pass-fail” grade system can be used.
Exercise 7Choose a correct word for each sentence:
unsatisfactory, capable, subjects, almost, encouraged, practicing, inside out, every other, expelled, rope, suspect, applied, history
1 How many ___________is Sam studying at school?
2 I have English classes_______ day:on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
3 It is____ impossible to find a good educational computer program.
4 You will have to do the course again because your work has been_______ .
5 Andy was______ from school because of his bad behaviour.
6 I'm not sure why he didn't go to the college, but I _____________he failed the entrance test.
7 The study of______ can be very interesting.
8 You can learn as much theory as you like, but you only master a skill by ______it.
9 Billy is a most_____ young man; he can do a lot of different jobs well.
10 We can't teach him anything because he already knows his subject.
11 You completely misunderstood my instructions; you got hold of the wrong end of the ____.
12 After the serious talk withhis tutor, Hilary _________himself more conscientiously to his studies.
13 My English teacher________ me to try for a place in the English Department at Jagiellonian University.
Exercise 8Put each of the following words into its correct place in the passage below:
| authority | bachelor's | bodies | campus |
| classes | co-educational | co-ordinate | courses |
| degree | freshmen | graduates | junior |
| located | school | separate | sex |
| special | students | undergraduates | university |
| women | year |
Students
The student body of a 1______or college is divided into 2________ and undergraduates. Graduates have already received their 3 ________degrees, while 4_________ have not. The undergraduates belong to one of four 5__________, according to their 6 ________of study. These are 7________, sophomore, 8 ____, and senior classes. Most schools also admit 9______ students who take a number of 10________, but are not working towards a 11___. Students 12_____ vary considerably from 13____ to school. Some institutions are 14____ , with both men and 15 ____students. Others admit 16____ of only one 17____. A 18___ institution has 19___ men's and women's colleges. They are controlled by the same central 20____ and are usually 21____ on the same campus or nearby 22___.
Exercise 9 Match the words for people in education with their correct definitions:
| apprentice | a) | female teacher in charge of a school | |
| cadet | b) | person who trains sportsmen for contests or prepares private students for an exam | |
| coach | c) | highest grade of university teacher | |
| dean | d) | the lowest teaching rank at a university | |
| disciple | e) | person in charge of a division of study | |
| headmistress | f) | person who teaches you driving | |
| instructor | g) | the head of some universities and schools | |
| lecturer | h) | a person studying to become an officer in the army or a policeman | |
| trainee | i) | someone learning a trade who works in return for being taught | |
| principal | j) | person undergoing some form of vocational training | |
| professor | k) | anyone devoted to the acquisition of knowledge, especially attending university | |
| pupil | l) | a person who attends primary school | |
| student | m) | follower of a religious teacher |
Exercise10 Discuss the following points concerning higher education in Ukraine and the USA:
1. what educational institutions are called a university or a college in Ukraine and the USA, other names used;
2. entering a university: the place entrance exams are taken at, the number of universities a student can apply to;
3. grading system;
4. academic year: how it is subdivided;
5. academic degrees: requirements and period of study.
Exercise 11Tell about the system of education in the USA and Great Britain using the proposed schemes. Make a similar scheme for Ukraine.
The British Education System
Unit 2
Exercise 1 Match the English words and word combinations with their native language equivalents:
| 1)independent work | a) крайній термін | крайний срок |
| 2)to prepare thoroughly | b)шахрайство | обман |
| 3)deadline | c) самостійна робота | самостоятельная работа |
| 4)to submit written papers | d)здавати письмову роботу | сдавать письменную работу |
| 5)to observe all the conditions | e)недопустимий | недопустимий |
| 6)active participants | f)готуватися ретельно | тщательно готовиться |
| 7)strict | g)виконувати всі умови | выполнять все условия |
| 8)diligent work | h)на території університету | на территории университета |
| 9)on campus | i)старанна робота | прилежная работа |
| 10)easy-going | j)підказка | подсказка |
| 11)an outline | k)завдання | задание |
| 12)assignment | l)вимогливий, суворий | требовательный, строгий |
| 13)cheating | m)активна участь | активное участие |
| 14)prompt | n)план, програма | план, программа |
| 15)inadmissible | o)невимушений | непринужденный |
Exercise 2Translate the given words and word combinations into your native language:
classroom discussions, to take an active part in classroom work, classroom discipline, class sessions, to dress informally, manner, mid-term examinations, academic behavior, quiz, plagiarism, coursebook, scholarly book, to cite a source, grading policy.
Exercise 3Make sure you know the meaning and pronunciation of the given words and word combinations. Consult a dictionary.
to treat, unauthorized, at least, to accept, to take into account, incentive, to interrupt smb., to approach, to be due.
TEXT 1
Classroom Behavior
Students in the USA are expected to attend their classes regularly, to prepare for them thoroughly (at least two hours of independent preparation for every class), and to take an active part in classroom discussions and in every kind of classroom work. There is always a deadline for submitting all kinds of written papers, and the paper of a student who is late will not be accepted. In general, if the above conditions and many others are not observed, an instructor is entitled to assign students lower term grades. Taking into account the importance of grades to American students, it is a great incentive to students’ active participation in classroom work and their classroom discipline. This discipline is quite strict. For instance, both the instructors and the students are expected to be exactly on time for class sessions, and the students are always in their seats when the professor enters the classroom. But the discipline, though being strict and ensuring diligent students' work, tends to be rather informal.
Americans often dress informally, especially students, both on campus and for class. It is not considered wrong to interrupt instructors with questions, remarks, and comments on what is said, even to challenge their opinions. That is why if a lecturer sees students raising hands during the explanation, she or he usually stops and answers their questions. The Americans believe that for education and learning experience to be successful, they should be approached in an interested, comfortable, and easy-going manner.
Students usually get at the very beginning of the course the written outline of it, that is the topics to be covered in the course, the readings assigned to it, the dates assignments are due, the time of and requirements to mid-term and other examinations, and the explanations as to grading policy.
An important aspect of academic behavior in the USA is the attitude towards what is called cheating in the classroom, when doing assignments, during quizzes, tests, and exams. Giving unauthorized prompts to your fellow students, using "cribs" and other unauthorized materials, copying other students’ papers and assignments and trying to pass them off as your own, all other cases of plagiarism when, for instance, in her or his paper a student copies whole passages or pages from a coursebook or a scholarly book without citing the source - all these and other similar kinds of behavior are considered as academic cheating. They are treated as a crime. They are absolutely inadmissible. At best the students found guilty of such behavior will be suspended, but quite often dismissed from the university for good. A special record of it may prove a serious obstacle in the student`s future career.
Exercise 4Give Ukrainian (Russian) equivalents and the necessary explanations to the italicized parts of Text 2.
Exercise 5Give answers to the following questions based on the information from Text 2:
1 How much time do American students spend to prepare for classes?
2 Do students’ term grades depend on their active participation in classroom work?
3 Can a student submit a written paper a little bit later than it was assigned by the teacher?
4 What do you know about classroom discipline in American Universities?
5 Is there any special dress code for students in the USA?
6 It is forbidden to interrupt the teacher with questions at American Universities, isn’t it?
7 What information do American students get at the beginning of a course?
8 What is considered “academic cheating” in the USA? What are the consequences of it?
Exercise 6Below are situations in which you might find yourself in the United States. Read each situation, decide what is appropriate, and choose the answer that best fits the circumstances. Draw a circle around the letter in front of your answer.
1 Your teacher, Mrs. Bills, is walking past you in the hallway and you wish to catch her attention and say hello. What is the best way to do this?
a Say, "Hello, Teacher."
b Wave your hand.
c Smile and say, "Hello, Mrs. Bills."
2 You have not done well on a paper, and your professor has called you into his office to speak to you about your poor grade. When he speaks to you, what should you do?
a Look directly into his eyes.
b Look down at the floor.
c Look up at the ceiling.
d Focus your eyes on a distant object.
3 Your math professor has been explaining a problem in class. You understand the first half of the explanation, but you do not understand the rest of the problem. What should you do?
a Raise your hand and tell the professor that you don't understand. Ask him or her to explain the problem again.
b Wait until after class and speak to the professor.
c After class, ask a friend to explain the problem to you.
d Do not ask anyone because this is very embarrassing.
e Forget about the problem. You probably will not need to know it anyway.
4 You have an appointment to see your adviser at 10:30 Tuesday morning. On Monday you are clearly too sick to keep your appointment. What should you do?
a Call the adviser immediately and cancel the appointment.
b Nothing.
c Go even though you are very sick. It would be rude not to go.
d Ask a friend or roommate to keep the appointment for you.
e Write your adviser a note.
5 You are in college and find that you are not doing well in a course. You feel that you are not doing well because you have taken too many courses and are not able to complete all the required assignments. What should you do?
a Stop going to class because you don't have time to do the work.
b Continue the courses and get your friends to finish your assignments.
c See your adviser and ask if you can drop the course.
d Speak to the instructor and ask for a grade of "incomplete" so that you can finish the course work during the next semester.
6 You have been doing well in all your classes except social studies. You have the feeling that the teacher doesn't like you. What should you do?
a Stop going to class.
b Go to class only to take tests.
c Speak to your guidance counselor.
d Do the best you can under the circumstances.
e Speak to the teacher.
7 Your teacher has explained that he determines your grade as follows:
Quizzes 10%
Tests 40%
Reports 30%
Class participation 20%
You do not like to answer or ask questions in class. What should you do?
a Ask to speak to the teacher and explain your shyness.
b Tell the teacher you do not think it is fair to put so much emphasis on class participation.
c Do nothing.
8 While you are taking an examination, you see someone leaning over to copy your paper. What should you do?
a Move your paper closer so that he or she can see.
b Tell your professor.
c Cover your paper so the other person can't see it.
d Tell the other person in a loud voice to stop cheating.
9 You have just received a test paper back from your teacher. She has marked as wrong an answer that you believe to be right because there is another way to interpret the question. What should you do?
a Nothing. The teacher should never be questioned.
b Raise your hand and ask why your interpretation is wrong.
c Speak to the teacher after class.
d Complain to the principal or to your parents.
10 You are in history class and the teacher asks for a defi
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