TEST 8-2 (UNIT 8- Restless Crust)

Choose the correct item.

1. In ____________ or lateral fault the movement is predominantly horizontal, either left or right, depending on which way the opposite block moves.

A. a strike-slip fault

B. a dip-slip fault

C. an oblique fault

2. __________ are planar discontinuity surfaces along which there has been significant displacement in shear.

A. faults

B. folds

C. fault planes

3. In _______________ the hanging wall moves to relative to the footwall block, usually making a low angle with the surface.

A. dip-slip fault

B. strike-slip fault

C. reverse fault

4. _____________ is produced when the movement is vertical without sideways components and the fault plane is inclined.

A. dip-slip fault

B. strike-slip fault

C. oblique fault

5. Normal fault is produced by ________________ as the rocks are pulled apart.

A. compression

B. tension

C. pressure

6. If a block is left upstanding as the rock masses at each side are downfaulted, the result is__________ and its geomorphological feature is called ______________.

A. thrust, cliff

B. graben, rift valley

C. horst, block mountain

7. ______________ is the phenomenon when the beds at each side of the fault are distorted and folded in the direction of the fault movement.

A. slickenside

B. drag

C. throw

8. Polished surface showing where one block has moved across the other is called___________

A. offset

B. joint

C. slickenside

9. Faults are classified in terms of ____________, orientation of the relative displacement and relative movement along fault or between fault blocks.

A. relation to footwall

B. attitude of the fault surface

C. relation to hanging wall

10. We divide the faults into ____________ and _____________ according to the orientation of relative movement.

A. high-angle, low-angle

B. reverse, normal

C. dip-slip, strike-slip

11. Folds are classified on the basis of several geometric factors, such as tightness of folding, _____________ and thickness of folded beds.

A. orientation of axial plane

B. orientation of axis

C. orientation of folds

12. Concentric folds comprise strata _______________ to each other that maintain thickness throughout all dimensions of the fold and slip against each other.

A. vertical

B. parallel

C. horizontal

13. In _____________ the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall and the fault plane usually makes a high angle with the surface.

A. reverse fault

B. normal fault

C. strike-slip fault

14. In a reversed or thrust fault the moving of one block up the fault plane in relation to the other is caused by _____________

A. tension

B. pressure

C. compression

15. The topographic feature produced at the surface if erosion has worn it all flat is called ______________.

A. scarp

B. slickenside

C. drag

16. A formation in which layers of rock have been pushed upward to form an arch or dome is called __________________

A. fold

B. anticline

C. syncline

17. In synclinal folds, the beds at the center of the pattern are ______________ and the beds get ____________ in a radial direction.

A. the oldest, younger

B. the youngest, the oldest

C. the youngest, older

18. In anticlinal folds, the beds __________towards the center of the pattern.

A. decrease in age

B. same in age

C. increase in age

19. The orientation of the axial plane relative to the horizontal together with the orientation of fold limbs allows subdivision into _______, _______ and ________.

A. vertical, inclined, recumbent

B. upright, overturned, recumbent

C. symmetric, overturned, horizontal

20.________________ are those that are so compressed that the limbs are parallel to one another.

A. isoclinal folds

B. recumbent folds

C. overturned folds

21. Beds making up a syncline dip in opposite directions toward ____________ or low point of the fold.

A. crest

B. trough

C. hinge point

22. _________________occurs at the locus of maximum curvature of a fold and is applicable equally to anticlines and synclines.

A. hinge surface

B. hinge line

C. hinge point

23. _______________occurs where bed curvature in one direction changes to bed curvature in the opposite direction, i.e. concavity changes to convexity.

A. inflection point

B. inflection line

C. inflection surface

REFERENCES

1. Belyaeva Elena ESP Course, ELT Training and Consulting Center,St. Petersburg, 2000.

2. Brown H. Douglas Language Assessment. Principles and Classroom Practices, Longman, 2004.

3. Lauterbach Robert “The World of Geology -The Earth then and now”, Leipzig, 1983.

4. Lambert David “The Field Guide to Geology”, Cambridge University Press, 1988.

5. Barret E., Hunt A. And Milner B.” Earth and Atmosphere”, Longman, 1993.

6. Nixon Paul & Bezzi Alferdo “English for Geologists”, 1991

7. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Earth Science, Oxford University Press, 1991

8. General Geology. Textbook. Part 1-Tomsk: TPU Press, 2004.

9. Harmer Jeremy The Practice of English Language Teaching, Longman, 2001.

10. Dixon Dougal “The Practical Geologist”, Aurum USA, 1992.

11. Press, Siever. Understanding Earth. Freeman&Co 1994.

12. Zumberge J.H., Rutford R.H., Carter J.L. Laboratory manual for physical geology. WCB, 1995

13. Методические указания по обучению чтению специальных текстов для студентов старших курсов ИГНД, Изд. ТПУ, Томск. 2002.

14. М.Я. Баракова, Р. И. Журавлева, Английский язык для горных инженеров, М. 2001.

15. Абрамова Р.Н., Квеско Н.Г., Introduction to Continuum Mechanics- учебное пособие, Томск, ТПУ. 2005.

16. Большой иллюстрированный словарь (русский, английский, немецкий, французский, испанский). ЗАО «Издательский Дом Ридерз Дайджест», 2005.

17.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic time scale

18.www.hpwt.de/Mineralien

19.www.coco.cc.az.us-/kmullins/rocks/Sedimentary

20.www.gc.maricopa.edu/earthsci/imageachine rock

21.www.soest.hawaii.edu/coasts

22.www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101

23.www.smate.wwu.edu/teched/geology/Geo/laz

24.piru.Alexandria.ucsb.edu./collections/geography