Variant 5. Complete the sentences and translate them.

1. AIDS ________________ in all age groups.

2. AIDS virus _______________ white blood cells.

3. HIV infection damages ____________________ and ____________________ the body’s ability to fight off infections and diseases.

4. The symptoms of the disease may include _________________, fever, _____________________, diarrhea, ____________________ and swollen glands.

5. The diagnosis of AIDS depends on the presence of __________________________ and _________________________ for antibody to HIV.

6. HIV infection is spread by ___________________________, the sharing of drug needles, ___________________________________.

7. Doctors make efforts to ___________________________________

8. Doctors use drugs, _____________________ and _____________________ to treat various _________________________.

9. The treatment helps to _________________ of the virus.

10. People initiate ____________________ to educate and inform ___________________ about AIDS.

11. You can fight AIDS by________________________, getting facts about AIDS and _____________________________.

TOPIC 36. THE DAMAGE OF DRUGS

Nowadays more people are taking drugs than in any other time in history of mankind, and many of those people are youth. Drugs kill the health, joy, mind and beauty of people. Your power in your knowledge!

Match the words together and translate them.

Study the new words

1. to abuse drugs – злоупотреблять наркотиками
2. drug abuser – наркоман
3. drug addicted – наркозависимый
4. psychoactive – воздействующий на психику
5. recreational purposes – развлекательные цели
6. convert into – превращать во что-то
7. drug trade – торговля наркотиками
8. consumption – потребление
9. depending on – в зависимости от
10. confusion – потеря ориентации
11. unbalanced emotions – эмоциональная неуравновешенность
12. drowsiness – сонливость, вялость
13. allowance – карманные деньги

Read the text below and fill in the gaps using the given words.

dangerous / psychoactive / medical supervision / abuse drugs / change the way

1.More people ____________ nowadays than in any other time in history of mankind. Many of those people are youth. Drugs are _______________ substances that people take to ____________ they feel, think or behave. Some of these substances are called drugs. And others, like alcohol and tobacco, are considered _________________, but are not called drugs. The term drug also covers a number of substances that must be used under ________________ to treat illnesses.

Read the text below and write down why people use drugs.

2.In the past, most drugs were made from plants. Plants were grown and then converted into drugs such as coca paste, opium and marijuana. In the 20th century, people found out how to make drugs from chemicals. These are called synthetic drugs and include ecstasy, LSD, etc. These were initially produced for largely experimental reasons and only later were used for recreational purposes. Now, however, with the increased size and scope of the drug trade, people invent drugs especially for human consumption. People use drugs just to escape the reality, to have fun or to change the way they feel, think and behave. The majority of them are young, even very young, who do not understand what may happen to them because of drugs.

Choose the best ending for each of the sentences.

1. Depending on the type and strength of the drug, all drug-abusers are in …..
2. Drugs can bring on ….
3. Drugs cause unbalanced emotions or …
4. First-time heroin users are sometimes …
5. Cocaine, even in small amounts, can cause sudden …
6. Some drugs can slow, even …
7. If someone overdoses accidentally they may ….

• violently sick
• stop the breathing process
• confusion and frightening hallucinations
• death in some young people, due to heartbeat irregularities.
• become unconscious or even die
• more serious mental disorders
• danger of developing side effects.

Read the text below and answer the questions.

1. Can people take drugs for a long time without being found?
2. What are the symptoms of light drug use?
3. Why do needing money for drugs lead to crime?

People who start taking drugs can’t do it for long without being found out. Symptoms of even light drug use are drowsiness, moodiness, loss of appetite. Moreover, drugs are very expensive and few young people are able to find the money they need from their allowance alone. Almost inevitably, needing money to pay for drugs leads to crime.

Speak about the damage of drugs.

TOPIC 37. THE DAMAGE OF SMOKING

Do you want to be healthy, wise and strong? Sure you are! Then smoking is not for you. It is one of the hardest habits to break. Reading the texts about smoking you’ll know about all the damage of it.

Look at the table. Fill it in and write down the possible damage of smoking and the benefits of stopping smoking.

Read the text and find the English equivalents of the given words

1. отношение к курению
2. курение запрещено во многих местах
3. вдыхать сигаретный дым
4. вредить здоровью
5. вызывать привыкание
6. увеличивать частоту пульса
7. повышение артериального давления
8. содержать смолу
9. главный фактор
10. вызывать рак
11. повреждать воздушные пузырьки в лёгких
12. сильный кашель
13. задыхаться
14. способствовать болезням сердца
15. вредный
16. воспаление ротовой полости
17. бросить курить

Text A.The Damage of Smoking

Smoking is very dangerous. Most young people smoke because their friends pressure them to do so. They may be copying their parents who smoke or other adults they respect. At one time this would have been accepted as normal. But in the past 30 years attitudes about smoking have changes. Smoking is now banned in many places so that other people don’t have to breathe in smoker’s shocking tobacco smoke.

Passive smoking, when you are breathing someone else’s smoke, can damage your health just like smoking can. Smoking becomes addictive very quickly, and it’s one of the hardest habits to break.

Take 1000 young people who smoke 20 cigarettes a day. A quarter of them will die from a disease caused by smoking. That’s 250 lives wasted! Only six of those 1000 teenagers will die in road accidents. So what is it in cigarette smoke that is harmful?

A chemical called nicotine is a substance that causes addiction. It is a stimulant that increases the pulse rate and a rise in the blood pressure. Cigarette smoke also contains tar – a major factor for causing cancer.

Chronic bronchitis occurs when tar and mucus damage the air sacks in the lungs. The sufferer has a bad cough which is worse in the morning, and may get breathless easily.

Gases in cigarette smoke increase your blood pressure and pulse rate. This can contribute to heart diseases. Smokers as twice as non-smokers are likely to have heart trouble.

Smokeless tobacco that is chewed rather than smoked, is also harmful, causing mouth sores, damage to teeth and cancer.

If you’ve ever watched an adult try to give up smoking, you know how hard it can be. It’s easier, healthier and cheaper never to start.

Facts about smoking

• The smell of smoke on your breath and clothes will put people off.
• Someone who smokes 15 cigarettes a day can forget six to nine years of their life.
• You are burning a great deal of money. In many countries cigarettes are heavily taxed.
• Your skin will wrinkle faster and deeper than that of a non-smoker.
• Females who smoke heavily may wrinkle like a woman 20 years older in age.