Упр. 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

АРТИКЛЬ

Запомните следующие правила.

Перед каждым нарицательным существитель­ным должен стоять артикль.

Если вы не употребляете перед существитель­ным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, по­чему.

Артикль не употребляется, если перед существи­тельным стоит притяжательное или указатель­ное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числи­тельное или отрицание "по" (не "not").

Упр. 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? — No, it isn't my ... pencil, it is ray sister's ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister's ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. Is this ... watch? — No, it isn't ... watch, it's ... pen. 6. This ... pen is good, and that ... pen is bad. 7. I can see ... pencil on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 8. Give me ... chair, please. 9. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 10. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it.

Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем пе­ред ним неопределенный артикль а(аn).Упоми­ная этотже предмет вторично, мы ставим пе­ред ним определенный артикль the.

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

Упр. 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 2. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 3. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 4. Our ... room is large. 5. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 6. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 7. My ... brother's ... friend has no ... dog. 8. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 9. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 10. I got ... letter from my ... friend yesterday. ... letter was interesting.

Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употреб­ляться только с исчисляемыми существитель­ными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или суще­ствительными во множественном числе неопре­деленный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и с множественным числом.

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

исчисляемое в единственном числе

This is S meat. The meat is fresh.

неисчисляемое

These are S books. The books are good.

множественное число

Упр. 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice-cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. She bought... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea. 9. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 10. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sis­ter's ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow.

Запомните следующие словосочетания, в кото­рых артикль не употребляется:

at S school at S home at S work

Упр. 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... students. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no'... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school. 11. Is your father at ... home? — No, he is at ... work. 12. Where is your ... broth­er? — He is at ... home.

Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и су­ществительным.

E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.

Упр 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny often tells us ... long ... interesting .. stories. 3. My ... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin's ... cat has two ... kittens. ... milk, too. cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like

Упр. 6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I am ... engineer. 2. My ... son is ... pupil. 3. He is ... good ... pupil. 4. This is ... house. 5. This is my ... pencil. 6. You have some ... pen­cils, but I have no ... pencil. Give me ... pencil, please. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interesting ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large.

Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем j не менее употребляем перед ним определенный артикль:

а) если упоминаемый предмет является един­ственным в мире

E.g. The sun is shining brightly.

в) если этот предмет является определенным по ситуации

E.g. Put the book on the table.

Упр. 7. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. What's ... weather like today? — ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... earth is ... planet. 5. We had ... English lesson yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... questions. ... questions were difficult.

4. Where is your ... brother? — He is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... homework. ... homework is difficult. 5. Our ... cat is sitting on ... sofa. 6. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 7. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands.

It was evening

СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ

Упр. 76. Дайте соответствующие существи­тельные женского рода.

A lion, a tiger, an actor, a poet, a man, an un­cle, a husband, a brother, a grandfather, a son, a master, a baron, a count, a shepherd, a host.

Упр. 77. Дайте соответствующие существи­тельные мужского рода.

A lady, a girl, a niece, Mrs. Smith, a widow, a stewardess, a French woman, a cow, a queen, a princess, a duchess, a hen, a mother.

Образование множественного числа существи­тельных

a cat — cats

a dog — dogs

a car — cars

a watch — watches

a dress — dresses a dish — dishes a box — boxes

a boy — boys a city — cities

a potato — potatoes a leaf — leaves

Упр. 78. Поставьте следующие существитель­ные во множественное число (не забудьте, что перед множественным числом неопределенный артикль нужно опустить),

A table, a plate, a fox, a room, a lady, a knife, a chair, a bus, a Negro, a match, a way, a house, a family, a flag, a town, a wolf, a country, a lion, a park, a play.

Запомните форму множественного числа следу­ющих существительных:

a man — men a goose — geese

a woman — women a tooth — teeth

a child — children a fool — feet

a mouse — mice an ox — oxen

Запомните также:

Но:

an Englishman — Englishmen a Frenchman — Frenchmen a German — Germans

Запомните три существительных, имеющих во множественном числе ту же форму, что и в единственном:

a sheep — sheep a deer — deer

a swine swine

Упр. 79. Поставьте следующие существитель­ные во множественное число (обратите внимание на артикли: неопределенный артикль во множе­ственном числе опускается, определенный артикль сохраняется).

A star, a mountain, a tree, a shilling, a king, the waiter, the queen, a man, the man, a woman, the woman, an eye, a shelf, a box, the city, a boy, a goose, the watch, a mouse, a dress, a toy, the sheep, a tooth, a child, the ox, a deer, the life, a tomato.

Упр. 80. Поставьте следующие словосочета­ния во множественное число.

This tea-cup, this egg, that wall, that picture, this foot, that mountain, this lady, that window, this man, that match, this knife.

Запомните:

this is — these are that is — those are there is — there are it is — they are

МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

SOME, ANY, NO, EVERY

И ИХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ

Упр. 89. Вставьте some, any или по.

MUCH, MANY, (A) LITTLE, (A) FEW

Упр. 109. Переведите на английский язык сле­дующие пары слов.

Много тетрадей, много молока, много воды, много дней, много газет, много мела, много сне­га, много лет, много картин, много музыки, много мальчиков, много девочек, много чая, много ли­монов, много мяса, много комнат, много учите­лей, много работы, много воздуха, много птиц, много машин.

Упр. 110. Вставьте much или many.

ПРЕДЛОГИ

Предлоги места и направления

В целях выработки беглости речи полезно запомнить следующие словосочетания

ГДЕ?

НА столе

ON

On the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the win­dow-sill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the plat­form, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard, on the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the window-sill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the plat­form, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard.

КУДА?

НА стол

ON

On the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the win­dow-sill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the plat­form, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard, on the table, on the floor, on the sofa, on the chair, on the window-sill, on the ground, on the grass, on the roof, on the bridge, on the plat­form, on the shelf, on the cupboard, on the bench, on the snow, on the ice, on the wall, on the blackboard.

ГДЕ?

В комнате

КУДА?

В комнату

INTO

In the room, in the kitchen, in the house, in the car, in the box, in the cupboard, in the bag, in the pocket, in the hall, in the plate, in the cup, in the glass, in the bottle, in the snow, in the water, in the river, in the lake, in the sea, in the wood, in the park, in the gar­den, in the yard, in the classroom.

Into the room, into the kitchen, into the house, into the car, into the box, into the cupboard, into the bag, into the pocket, into the hall, into the plate, into the cup, into the glass, into the bottle, into the snow, into the water, into the river, into the lake, into the sea, into the wood, into the park, into the garden, into the yard, into the classroom.

Упр. 129. Вставьте предлоги on, in или into.

ГДЕ?

At the theatre, at the cinema, at the muse­um, at the swimming-pool, at the library, at the shop, at the insti­tute, at the port, at the railway-station, at the concert, at the exhibi­tion, at the stadium, at the stop, at the facto­ry, at work¹, at school¹, at the lesson.

КУДА?

To the theatre, to the cinema, to the muse­um, to the swimming-pool, to the library, to the shop, to the insti­tute, to the port, to the railway-station, to the concert, to the exhibi­tion, to the stadium, to the stop, to the facto­ry, to work¹, to school¹, to the lesson.

Упр. 131. Переведите на английский язык сле­дующие словосочетания, употребляя предлоги in или at,

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ВРЕМЕН

Спряжение глагола to be (быть)

в Present Simple Tense

(Present Indefinite Tense)

I am He is

She is It is

We are You are They are

Ami?

Is he? Is she? Is it?

Are we? Are you? Are they?

I am not He is not She is not It is not

We are not You are not They are not

Yes, I am Yes, he is Yes, she is Yes, it is

Yes, we are Yes, you are Yes, they are

No, I am not No, he isn't No, she isn't No, it isn't

No, we aren't No, you aren't No, they aren't

Упр. 148. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.

1. I ... a pupil. 2. My father ... not a teacher, he ... a scientist. 3. ... your aunt a doctor? - Yes,

she ... . 4. ... they at home? - - No, they ... not at borne, they ... at work. 5. My brother ... a worker. He ... at work. 6. ... you an engineer? - - Yes, I.... 7. ... your sister a typist? No, she ... not a typist, she ... a student. 8. ... your brother at school? - - Yes, he ... . 9. ... your sister at school? - No, she ... not at school. 10. My ... sister ... at home. 11. ... this your watch? • Yes, it ... . 12. She ... an actress. 13. This ... my bag. 14. My uncle ... an office-worker. 15. He ... at work. 16. Helen ... a painter. She has some fine pictures. They ... on the walls. She has much paper. It ... on the shelf. The shelf ... brown. It ... on the wall. Helen has a brother. He ... a student. He has a family. His family ... not in St. Petersburg, it ... in Moscow.

Упр. 149. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол to be в Present Simple.