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Listen to the tapescript of “Airplanes” and fill in the gaps with the missing words.

Unit 1

Inventors of the aircraft

Warming-up:

1. Discuss the following questions with your partner:

How did the invention of airplane and aviation, in general, influence the development of humanity? Is it possible to imagine modern world without it? Consider all the possible pluses and minuses of this means of transport in terms of ecology, trade, world economy, traveling, etc. Share your opinion with the class.

Listening:

Listen to the tapescript of “Airplanes” and fill in the gaps with the missing words.

http://listenaminute.com/a/airplanes.html

Airplanes are ___________. How does something so big and heavy ___________ the ground? I’m always _________________ the millions of different parts work together. Traveling by airplane is always a________________. I don’t care whether economy class ___________ and has no space. I like playing with the______________________, especially now they have all the latest movies. I also love airplane food. Many of my friends say it’s______________, but I love it. I often ask the passenger next to me if I can have the dessert or roll they don’t want. The only thing I don’t like about planes is __________________ . When the airplane hits those_____________, I always worry we’ll crash. But I once read that ____________ has never caused an______________.

From http://listenaminute.com/a/airplanes.html

 

Look through the article «Invention of the Airplane». Find the key words in the article and write them next to the definitions below.

1. to make or become smaller in size, number, extent, degree _________________

2. the state or quality of being suitable or opportune_____________________

3. an unforeseen or sudden occurrence, especially of a danger demanding immediate remedy or action _______________________________________

4. to perform systematic investigation in order to establish facts or principles or to collect information on a subject ___________________________________

5. to be concerned or associated significantly___________________________

6. the study of the dynamics of gases, especially of the forces acting on a body passing through air ____________________________________________

7. to make to a scientific discovery____________________________________

A specialist majoring in the design, production and maintenance of airplanes

____________________________________________________________

9. the degree of deviation from a particular plane________________________

10. an aircraft capable of sliding and soaring in air currents without using an engine_______________________________________________________

11. to change the course or direction __________________________________

12. a vertical control surface attached to the rear of the fin used to steer an aircraft, in conjunction with the ailerons ___________________________________

13. to plan or direct the path or position of an aircraft______________________

(definitions from Lingva)

Read the article “Invention of the airplane”.

Invention of the Airplane

by Jamie Slaughter

 

The discovery of the airplane brought along development in the transport system. The transport system improved following the invention of airplane. Now the time taken to travel long distances has reduced due to the invention of airplane. The speed of an airplane is so high that it does not take long to reach any place throughout the world. The convenience of sight-seeing in all the famous places in far away places has now increased. Slowly and gradually, emergencies are becoming easier to handle after the invention of airplane. Thus, the airplane has the ability to take the position of a lifesaver.

In recent days, nations have experimented on the various uses of airplane. Thus, now the airplane has become essential for a nation. The involvement of airplanes in the defense area has now become quite common. The inventors of airplane are the Wright Brothers from the United States of America. Wilbur Wright was born on 16th April, 1867 while Orville Wright was born on the 19th August, 1871. They left their education immediately after high school level. They wanted to take the initiative by opening a bicycle repair store. They were totally involved in the principle of airplanes and carried on continuous research and tests on them.
Their passion continued to increase and the invention of airplane began to look more probable. Airplane development was more prominent within 1899 and 1908. Many other inventions came out in the open during this particular period. Then, in December 1903, the Wright Brothers invented the first airplane that could fly. Before this invention, many people had experimented with aerodynamics and tried to invent an airplane. However, no one reached a breakthrough until the 17th December, 1903. Aerodynamics prospered during this particular period. Planes with inclination angles were also another idea that came up during this period.

The Wright Brothers did not develop the passion to invent an airplane suddenly. The actual inspiration came from Otto Lilienthal who was a German aeronautical engineer. Otto Lilienthal invented hang gliders. Thus, it gave the Wright Brothers the necessary tools to develop an airplane. These gliders, though a good invention, lacked some important features. The most evident defect in these hang gliders was that the hand glider could veer out of control at any time, as it had no proper mechanism to support it – causing a safety concern. The Wright Brothers tried to invent such a machine that could fully mask all the defects of hang gliders.

The Wright Brothers used many concepts that many other individuals had introduced in the early period, combining all theories to develop a fully functioning airplane. The first successful flying experience of the airplane lasted a mere 59 seconds. It reached a maximum height of 120 feet whilst covering a distance of 852 feet. These Brothers added a rudder to the airplane’s tail to encourage it to navigate.

http://www.inventionreaction.com/famous-inventions/Airplane

Comprehension check

Airplane

Fixed-wing flight

The Challenge: Fixed-wing flight requires an efficient airfoil, such as a wing that’s curved on top and flat on the bottom. As the airfoil moves forward, air streams faster over its top than underneath it, creating a difference in pressure. When the pressure below the craft overcomes the pressure above it, there is a net upward force. Most planes use engines to get enough forward motion, but people can’t propel a vehicle nearly as fast.
The Solution: In general, the longer the wings, the more lift. In the early ’60s, Southampton University undergraduates built a 130-pound craft with an 80-foot-wingspan and a bicycle-style transmission connected to a propeller. It flew a third of a mile but had significant steering problems. In 1977, engineer Paul MacCready designed the Gossamer Condor, a 70-pound aluminum and plastic craft with a canard—an airfoil on a boom in front of the fuselage. It was more maneuverable than its predecessors and flew in a figure eight around markers a half-mile apart, winning the Royal Aeronautical Society’s prize for the first controlled and sustained human-powered flight. There’s still room for improvement. For example, engineers have refurbished the ’90s Airglow with bent wingtips and curvier wings—improvements that stabilize it during turns.

 

http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-08/they-said-it-couldnt-be-done

Pre- watching activity:

 

Fill in the diagram with the words that are connected with the term «Aerodynamics». Use Key Vocabulary to help you. Various answers are possible.

           
   
 
 
     
 
 

 


 

 

aerodynamics
 

 

 


Watch the film Wright Brothers' Flying Machine (4:00 – 35:00) on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qo0kpCU03-U

1. Make a Power Point presentation on one of the following topics.

1. The first years of research at Kitty Hawk;

2. The problems that the Wright brothers were supposed to solve;

· The problem of lift and wing construction;

· Propulsion system;

· Control system;

3. The gliders of Otto Lilienthal and the aerodrome of Samuel Langley;

4. December, 1903 (the first flight);

The Wrights model B-flyer.

2. Sign in to the http://voicethread.com/ and create an account. Either upload your Power Point Presentation, some images or videos from PC, other media sources, URL or a web camera.

3. Add some audio comments to each slide using a microphone or just type them in. While commenting take advantage of the Doodling tool to underline the most important ideas and grab the viewer’s attention.

4. Share the Voice thread or embed it to the http://www. .

5. Watch all the presentations prepared by the students of our class. Choose the best one.

6. Find information about the first Russian scientists and aeronautical engineers. Who were the first Russians to conduct man-powered flight? Compare their experience with the information about the American inventors in this field. Conduct a research; analyze the information from the film «The Wright brother» and the unit. Make up a presentation «Pioneers of Russian Aviation»; share it with the group.

Key Vocabulary

  invention – изобретение to reduce – уменьшать, сокращать convenience –1) удобство, комфорт; 2) преимущество emergency – 1) непредвиденный случай, крайняя необходимость; 2) критическое положение, авария to carry out a research – проводить исследование to be involved in smth. – быть вовлеченным aerodynamics – аэродинамика to reach a breakthrough – достичь успеха, прорыва aeronautics – аэронавтика, авиация aeronautical engineer – авиационный инженер hang glider – дельтаплан glider – планер to veer – менять направление, курс rudder – руль направления to navigate – управлять (самолетом) inclination angle – угол наклона to increase – возрастать увеличивать to experiment on/with smth. – проводить опыты, экспериментировать gravity – сила тяготения, гравитация     feature – особенность, характерная черта, признак support mechanism – опорный механизм lift, upward force – подъемная сила fixed wing aircraft – воздушное судно с неподвижным (жестким) крылом airfoil – аэродинамическая поверхность, профиль engine – двигатель to propel – толкать, двигать вперед vehicle – транспортное средство wing span – рахмах крыла fuselage – корпус, фюзеляж to refurbish – обновлять, проводить реконструкцию to stabilize – стабилизировать propulsion system – двигательная установка wind tunnel – аэродинамическая труба wing warping – закрученность, крутка крыла to steer the aircraft ­– управлять воздушным судном performance – коэфицент полезного действия cross section – поперечное сечение radiator – радиатор airstrip – взлетно-посадочная полоса

 

 

Unit 1

Inventors of the aircraft

Warming-up:

1. Discuss the following questions with your partner:

How did the invention of airplane and aviation, in general, influence the development of humanity? Is it possible to imagine modern world without it? Consider all the possible pluses and minuses of this means of transport in terms of ecology, trade, world economy, traveling, etc. Share your opinion with the class.

Listening:

Listen to the tapescript of “Airplanes” and fill in the gaps with the missing words.

http://listenaminute.com/a/airplanes.html

Airplanes are ___________. How does something so big and heavy ___________ the ground? I’m always _________________ the millions of different parts work together. Traveling by airplane is always a________________. I don’t care whether economy class ___________ and has no space. I like playing with the______________________, especially now they have all the latest movies. I also love airplane food. Many of my friends say it’s______________, but I love it. I often ask the passenger next to me if I can have the dessert or roll they don’t want. The only thing I don’t like about planes is __________________ . When the airplane hits those_____________, I always worry we’ll crash. But I once read that ____________ has never caused an______________.

From http://listenaminute.com/a/airplanes.html

 

Последнее изменение этой страницы: 2016-08-11

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