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Take care what you say . Следи, что говоришь

UNIT 4

Speech patterns

1. Делать что-либо, не делая чего-либо:

He pointed without looking… Mr Flinch poured himself out some tea, without asking me. And without waiting for her answer he turned and left us.

2. Чем когда-либо:

She hated it more than ever. He felt better than ever. Paul works harder than ever.

3. С какой стати:

Why would anyone write about school? Why would I do a thing like that? Why would she go to them?

4. Достаточно:

The man isn’t smart enough. She was lucky enough to get a job on television. She’s pretty enough to twist any man round her little finger.

5. Так же, как и; ..., как:

My father knows as much as my teacher. He likes swimming almost as much as his brother. He worked as hard as the rest of the group. As merry as a cricket / grig – жизнерадостный, очень весёлый

6. От смеха; от удовольствия; от волнения:

Tommy screamed with laughter. She squealed with excitement. Katie flushed with pleasure.

7. Как, должно быть, ...!

How the kids must have loved it! How weak she must have been! What a comfort you must have been to your mother!

 

Text “THE FUN THEY HAD”

To write about something in the diary

Yellow and crinkly pages – желтые и измятые страницы

It was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to

What a waste. When you’re through with the book, you just throw it away, I guess. – waste – расточительность, to be through with – покончить с

Our television screen must have had a million books on and it’s good for plenty more.

Same with me.

He pointed without looking, because he was busy reading.

Scornful – пренебрежительный, насмешливый

Her mother shook her head sorrowfully and sent for the County Inspector. – shake one’s head – покачать головой

A round little man

A whole box of tools, with dials and wires – с циферблатами и проводами

To take smth. apart – разобрать на части

The slot where you have to out homework and test papers

In no time – вмиг, в два счёта, во мгновение ока

Punch code – перфокарточный код

I think the geography sector of the mechanical teacher was geared a little too quick. I’ve slowed it up to an average ten year level. Actually, the overall pattern of her progress is quite satisfactory: to gear – приводить механизм в движение, overall pattern of her progress – в целом тенденция её успехов

And he patted Margie’s head again.

The history sector blanked out completely

Why would anyone write about school?

Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes. “It’s not our kind of school, stupid”. – superior – высокомерный

Loftily – высокомерно, надменно, важно

To be hurt – быть задетым за живое

“A man isn’t smart enough.” – “Sure he is. My father knows as much as my teacher.”

Margie wasn’t prepared to dispute that. She said. “I wouldn’t want a strange man in my house to teach me.”

Tommy screamed with laughter. “You don’t know much, Margie.” – хохотал до упаду, умирал со смеху

A teacher has to be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it teaches and that each kid has to be taught differently. – to be adjusted - приспособиться

Nonchalantly – бесстрастно; небрежно

He walked away, whistling, the dusty old book tucked beneath his arm. – с книгой под мышкой

The screen lit up.

Lesson on addition of proper fractions

To help one another on the homework – помогать делать домашние задания

The mechanical teacher was flashing on the screen

Margie was thinking how the kids must have loved it in the old days. She was thinking about the fun they had.

 

Essential Vocabulary

1. Stand

Ø Стоять:

To stand still/straight/motionless

To stand face to face

To stand with one’s back to smb.

To stand in one’s light – вредить самому себе (ещё to stand in one's own light)

To stand leaning against smth. – прислониться к ч-л

To stand in a line – выстроиться в ряд; стоять в строю, очереди

To stand on end – стоять дыбом (о волосах): his hair stood on end.

To stand out – выгодно отличаться (his work stand out from that of the others); вырисовываться (на фоне ч-л – against: the green roof stood out against the clear sky); выделяться

To stand up for smb. (smth.) – защищать, поддерживать: George stood up for precedent.

It stands to reason – само собой разумеется: it stands to reason that we must do the job as well as possible

Ø Выносить, держаться:

Montmorency couldn’t stand George’s music. I cannot stand heat/pain/his jokes/climate.

To stand one’s ground – стоять на своём, проявлять твёрдость

Ø Удерживаться, не изменяться:

The agreement stands.

Ø Нести расходы:

To stand treat – угощать, платить за угощение

Ø Поддерживать кого-л.:

We must stand by each other. Но: People help instead of merely standing by.

Ø Быть (высотой в ...; обозначать, представлять собой кого-л.); символизировать:

He stands 6 foot in height.

M.P. stands for Member of Parliament.

2. Hate

vt

Ø Ненавидеть, желать зла

Ø Сожалеть: I hate troubling you (to trouble you) (colloq.)

n

Ø Hate - ненависть, отвращение, омерзение: he was filled with hate for his enemy.

Ø Hatred – ненависть, сильная недоброжелательность; (colloq.) сильная неприязнь: he looked at me with hatred in his eyes.

Ø Hateful – полный ненависти; отвратительный, ненавистный: a hateful crime; hateful glances; hateful lie

3. Smile

vi/t

Ø Улыбаться:

To smile at - улыбаться кому-л./чему-л.

To smile on (upon) - благоволить, благоприятствовать, дать добро: fortune has always smiled on (upon) him.

To smile through tears

Ø Выразить улыбкой, развеять улыбкой:

To smile away vexation/grief – развеять улыбкой досаду, раздражение/горе, печаль, скорбь

n

Ø Улыбка:

A pleasant/cruel/ironical smile on smb.’s face

To be all smiles – сиять, иметь очень довольный вид: the boy's face was all smiles when ...

Ø Поддержка, благоволение (pl.):

To enjoy the smiles of fortune – наслаждаться милостью судьбы

4. Pat

vi/t

Ø Погладить, потрепать:

To pat a dog

Ø Похлопывать:

She patted the books into a neat pile – она выровняла книги в аккуратную кучку

Ø Притопывать:

He patted his foot listening to the music.

n

Ø Лёгкое прикосновение, лёгкий удар всей ладонью, поглаживание:

He gave me a friendly pat on the shoulder.

Ø Негромкий звук, хлопόк, шлепок.

5. Take

vi/t

Ø Брать, взять:

To take a person’s hand

To take hold of smth.

To take a man prisoner – взять в плен, заключить под стражу

Ø Принимать, получать, регулярно покупать:

To take the house for a year

To take the first prize

To take a holiday – взять выходной

To take a nap

To take one’s chance

Not to take “no” for an answer

These are the terms. You can either take them or leave them.

Ø Доставлять, брать без разрешения, красть:

To take the letters to the post

To take other people’s ideas

Ø Сопровождать:

To take a guest home

Ø Чувствовать, испытывать:

To take pride in one’s work

To take an interest in politics

Ø Есть; пить; принимать в себя/внутрь, включать в систему:

To take a deep breath

Ø Полагать, считать, понимать:

To take somebody to be an honest man

To take a person’s meaning – понимать чей-либо замысел, чьё-либо намерение

To take smth. for granted – принимать как должное

Ø Питать определённое отношение, иметь ту или иную позицию/точку зрения:

Take after

Ø Быть похожим на: whom do you take after in your family?

Take down

Ø Сносить, разбирать на части:

To take down an old building

Ø Записывать под диктовку:

The postmistress began to take down the message

Take in

Ø Получать, принимать:

To take in lodgers – брать постояльцев

Ø Ушивать, уменьшать:

To take in a dress

Ø Понять сущность, усвоить:

To take in a lecture

Ø Обманывать, лгать:

To be taken in when buying a watch

Take off

Ø Снимать, убирать:

To take off one’s hat, jacket

Ø Отправиться:

The plane takes off – самолёт взлетает (from … airport)

Ø Убраться, смыться:

Take yourself off.

Take over

Ø Принять должность; поглотить (например, другую компанию/фирму):

When shall you be ready to take over? – Когда вы будете готовы принять должность/обязанности?

Take to

Ø Привязаться:

The baby has taken to her new nursemaid.

Ø Пристраститься:

He took to gardening when he retired.

Take up

Ø Занимать, отнимать:

The work takes up too much time

Ø Подхватить, поглощать (воду):

The bus stopped to take up passengers.

A sponge takes up water.

Ø Подхватить, продолжить:

To take up one’s story – подхватить рассказ

Take up with

Ø Общаться, водить компанию с:

She had taken up lately with June.

6. Level

n

Ø Уровень:

To be above (below) sea-level

The level of knowledge/development

Low/high/average cultural/intellectual/economic/scientific level

To be on a level with smb./smth. – быть на уровне кого-либо/чего-либо

The water in the river was on a level with the banks – вода в реке поднялась до берегов

His knowledge is quite on a level with a fourth-year student’s

On the level – открытый (открыто), правдивый (правдиво), честный (честно) (colloq.)

Is he on the level? – Он говорит правду?

I can’t shut the window from ground level – Я не могу закрыть окно, стоя на земле

adj

Ø Ровный:

A level road

Level ground

To make a surface level – разровнять поверхность

Ø Сдержанный, спокойный:

a level mind

He has a level head / He is level-headed – Он рассудительный, здравомыслящий, хладнокровный.

Syn. flat

vt

Ø Выровнять, сровнять:

To level a building/village/city to the ground – сровнять здание/село/город с землёй

To level a building to the ground – снести до основания

Ø Привести в горизонтальное положение; прицелиться:

The hunter levelled his gun at the beast – охотник нацелил своё ружьё на зверя

7. Regular

adj

Ø Неизменный, обычный, обыкновенный:

Regular habits – привычка делать всё в определённое время; размеренная жизнь

To keep regular hours – вести правильный/размеренный образ жизни; ложиться и вставать по графику

Regularly

adv

Ø Симметрично, закономерно, гармонично:

A garden regularly laid out – симметрично разбитый сад

Ø Регулярно:

He was practising regularly for the last two weeks.

8. Scream

vi/t

Ø (О людях, птицах, животных) Издавать резкий громкий крик, особ. от боли или сильной эмоции:

The baby screamed all night

To scream with laughter

The parrot screams but does not talk

(о людях) Кричать, орать

To scream in anger

Ø (О ветре, машинах и т.п.) Свистеть, гудеть, реветь, кричать:

Fit smth. on

Ø Примерить, подгонять:

I am going to the tailor’s to have my coat fitted on

Fit in

Ø Соответствовать:

How will my arrangements for the holidays fit in with yours?

adj

Ø Подходящий, годный:

To be fit for the position

Ø Достойный, подобающий:

To think fit – признавать приемлемым, считать возможным

Ø Здоровый, в хорошей физической/спортивной форме, пригодный:

To feel fit

He has been ill and is fit for nothing

10. Love

vt

Ø Любить

Ø Быть влюблённым

Ø Очень увлекаться, находить удовольствие в ч-л

To love comfort

To love to have (love having) a lot of dogs round oneself

If she loved him, she would wait for him through thick and thin – Если бы она любила его, она ждала бы его во что бы то ни стало

n

Ø Любовь, сильная привязанность:

A love of learning

A love of one’s country

Unrequited love – безответная, неразделённая любовь

To give (send) one’s love to … - передавать привет

Not to be had for love or money – ни за какие коврижки, днём с огнём не сыскать

To be in love (with …)

To fall in love (with …)

To be / to fall head over heels in love (with …) – быть до крайности влюблённым / безумно влюбиться

Syn. Affection, devotion

Word combinations and phrases

To be through with – покончить с ч-л

To give smb. a test in – дать к-л контрольную по, проверить к-л в

To take smth. apart

To put smth. together – собрать воедино

In no time – мгновенно, во мгновение ока, в два счёта

To read (look at) smth. over smb.’s shoulder

To get (to be) adjusted to

Some more (of) – ещё

Next to – по соседству

To flash smth. on a screen – показывать на экране

 

 


 

UNIT 5

Speech patterns

1. Ничего не мочь поделать:

I can’t do a thing with him. He won’t take his pineapple juice. I can’t do a thing with the boy. He won’t let anyone come into the room.

2. [Выполнять, производить действие]:

He had done some constructive thinking since his last visit. I do the cooking myself. He was doing some careful listening. I’ve done enough reading for today.

3. Не [такой-то]:

This was no ordinary case. William Strand was no ordinary human. This was no petty offence. It was no small achievement.

4. Оказаться:

The suggestion proved too much for the patient’s heart. The letter proved to be of little consequence. He had no premonition that this call would prove unusual.

5. Просто [сделал что-то]:

I just suggested it, that’s all. We just thought it necessary to make the inquiries, that’s all. I just wanted to know, that’s all. I just don’t feel like eating, that’s all.

6. Постараться сделать что-либо:

Let’stry and draw that vase over the mantelpiece. Try and behave better. Let’s try and get there on time. Try and come, won’t you?

7. Давайте договоримся на [тогда-то]

Good. Let’s make it Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Good. Let’s make it next week. Why, let’s make it four o’clock.

 

 

Text “ART FOR HEART’S SAKE”

To gently persuade – мягко упрашивать, уговаривать

A male nurse – медбрат, санитар

To grunt – мычать (о человеке), ворчать

It’s doctor’s orders

To hear the front door bell – услышать колокольчик у парадного входа

To be glad to leave the room

To receive the information with one’s usual professional calm

He had done some constructive thinking since his last visit

This was no ordinary case

To be in pretty good shape for a man of seventy-six

To have to be kept from buying things – необходимо удерживать от покупок

To suffer a heart attack

A disastrous purchase of that jerkwater railroad – провальное приобретение захудалой железной дороги

The purchases had to be liquidated at a great sacrifice both to his health and his pocketbook – покупки оплачивались большими жертвами его здоровья и кошелька

To draw up a chair – подтянуть стул

To look suspiciously over one’s spectacles – глядеть подозрительно поверх очков

To take up art – заняться искусством

To have one’s stethoscope ready in case the abruptness (внезапность) of the suggestion proved too much for the patient’s heart

Vigorous – энергичный, бодрый

The disaster was averted – катастрофа была предотвращена

To fool around with chalk and crayons – повалять дурака с белыми и цветными мелками

Rot! (sl.) – Вздор! Чушь! Ерунда!

Bosh! (sl.) – Чепуха!

A promising student – подающий надежды студент

To pay tuition – платить за обучение

Swain was shown into a big living room

To look at smb. appraisingly – смотреть оценивающе

A scrawl – каракуля

Crude lines – аляповатые линии

To snap with a grunt of satisfaction – выдать с удовлетворённым ворчанием (удовлетворённо проворчать)

To squint – коситься, смотреть украдкой

To have a slight resemblance to …

Elfishly – (редк.) проказливо

It is a bit lopsided

Palsied hands – дрожащие, трясущиеся руки

To colour the open spaces blue – закрасить чистые места синим

To respond respectively – ответить соответствующе, тем же тоном

To spare the time to come twice a week

To grow more frequent – участиться

Water-colors

Oils – масляные краски

Graceful lines of an andiron – изящные линии подставки для дров в камине

To dwell on [the topic]

The rich variety of colour in a bowl of fruit

To variegate - раскрашивать в разные цвета, делать пёстрым

Smear – мазок, пятно

A dressing gown – домашний халат

A valet – камердинер, слуга, лакей

A purchase of an enterprise of doubtful solvency – приобретение предприятия сомнительной платежеспособности

To think it safe to allow smb. to do smth.

Charming mysteries

To display an insatiable curiosity about …

A painter exhibits in a gallery

How were the galleries run?

To select the canvases for the exhibitions

An idea was forming in his brain

The late spring sun began to cloak the fields and gardens with color

To execute a god-awful smudge – создавать безобразную мазню (to execute – создавать картину, статую и т.п.)

To make a startling announcement – сделать ошеломительное объявление

A lifetime dream

Every mature artist in the United States

To foist – всучить, навязать

A gob of salad dressing – комок приправы для салата

To admonish – предостерегать

To utter astonishment of all the three “…” was accepted for the Lathrop show.

An inconspicuous place – неприметное место

The painting could not excite any noticeable comment

To sneak into the gallery – прокрасться в галерею

To blush to the top of one's ears

Loud – кричащий (о красках)

Raucous – пронзительный

During the course of the exhibition

To flee in terror

To cannot bear to hear what they have to say

To keep on taking one’s lessons

To utter a series of inarticulate gurgles – издать нечленораздельный набор булькающих звуков

To exercise one’s professional self-control with a supreme effort – с величайшими усилиями применить профессиональный навык самоконтроля

 

Essential Vocabulary

1. Relieve vt

Ø Облегчить, ослабить:

To relieve pain: the remedy relieved pain at once

To relieve distress – облегчить страдания

Nothing could relieve her anxiety. – Ничто не могло избавить её от беспокойства.

To relieve one’s feelings – отвести душу: she burst out crying and that relieved her feelings.

To feel relieved (to hear/at hearing, to see/at the sight of, to know smth.) – с облегчением услышать/увидеть/узнать

Syn. to ease:

To ease the pain of the wound

To ease a person’s anxiety

Ø Сменить:

To relieve a sentry – сменить караул

See at what intervals the guard is relieved at that bridge

Ø Освободить, оказать помощь, избавить:

Let me relieve you of your bag.

The thief relieved him of his watch.

Relief n

Ø Облегчение:

To sigh with relief

To give (to bring) relief (no relief, some relief) to smb.

Syn. comfort:

The news that her son was getting well and strong brought great comfort to her.

2. Art n

Ø Искусство:

A work of art – произведение искусства

Art-lover

Art critic

Genuine art – подлинное искусство

Pretence of art – претенциозность искусства

Graphic art – изобразительное искусство

Applied art – прикладное искусство

Folk art

The Fine Arts (painting, music, sculpture) – изящные искусства (живопись, музыка, скульптура/лепка)

Trends in art – веяния, течения в искусстве

Academy of Arts – Академия художеств: sooner than renounce (отречься от) their principles they resigned from the Academy of Arts

To be cultivated as an art

Ø (pl.) Гуманитарные науки:

History and literature are among the arts

Bachelor of Arts – бакалавр гуманитарных наук

Master of Arts – магистр гуманитарных наук

Ø Умение, мастерство:

The making of such rafts has become a lost art.

Artistn

Ø Творческая личность: живописец, скульптор, гравировщик, актёр и др.:

A professional artist – профессиональный художник

An amateur artist – художник-любитель

The most prominent artist of one’s day

Artisticadj

Ø Художественный, талантливый:

Artistic skill – художественное мастерство, творческие способности

Artistic taste – художественный вкус

Artistic person – творческая личность

A paramount artistic aim – первостепенная цель искусства: from the beginning to the end of his life Turner’s one paramount artistic aim was the representation of light and atmosphere

Artificialadj

Ø Искусственный:

Artificial flowers / light / silk

To use artificial respiration to revive the patient

Ø Притворный:

Her smile is so artificial that I don’t trust her.

3. Draw

vt/i

Ø Притянуть, подвинуть:

Draw your chair nearer to the table.

The snail draws in its horns when it is frightened.

Ø Тащить:

To put one’s hand in one’s pocket and to draw out smth

This is a convenient tool for drawing nails out.

Ø Вытягивать информацию, выпытывать:

It’s very difficult to draw him out.

Ø Привлечь; вызвать:

The exhibition is sure to draw crowds.

Moths are drawn by the light – Мотыльки летят на свет

Ø Почерпнуть, добыть, получить:

He draws his inspiration from nature

To draw a conclusion (from the facts)

Ø Рисовать:

To draw well – хорошо рисовать (+ «хорошо завариться», напр., о чае)

To draw in pencil

To draw a bunch of flowers – нарисовать букет цветов

To draw a picture of one’s niece – нарисовать свою племянницу

To draw a map of the area – нарисовать карту местности

Ø Быть на подходе, двигаться, надвигаться:

The concert season is drawing to a close.

n

Ø Приманка; гвоздь программы:

The new game proved a great draw.

His name would still be a great draw for bourgeois audiences

Drawing

n

Ø Рисунок, рисование:

Turner left a vast mass of work, oil paintings, water-colours and drawings.

4. Picture

n

Ø Картина, рисунок, набросок:

A picture gallery

In the foreground / background of the picture – на переднем / заднем плане картины

There is nothing of unusual interest in the subject matter of the picture – нет ничего, что представляло бы необыкновенный интерес в теме картины

Picturesque

adj

Ø Живописный, образный

5. Paint

n

Ø Краска:

To apply the paint – наносить краску

To use a palette knife to apply the paint instead of a brush – использовать мастихин вместо кисти для нанесения краски

vt/i

Ø Красить:

To paint smth. white – покрасить в белый

Ø Нарисовать красками:

To paint from nature – писать с натуры

Ceremonial portraits were painted according to formula – церемониальные портреты писались по шаблону

Turner excelled in painting marine subjects – T. превосходно рисовал море

Gainsborough’s pictures are painted in clear and transparent tone

Ø Описывать, расписывать, рисовать (словесно):

You are painting the situation too dark.

It was a strange situation, and very different from any romantic picture which his fancy might have painted.

Painter

n

Ø Художник:

A painter of battle-pieces – художник, который пишет батальные сцены

Genre painter – художник жанровых сцен (худ-к, изобр-щий соврем. ему быт)

Landscape painter – художник-пейзажист

Portrait painter – портретист

Painting

n

Ø Живопись; покраска:

Painting has become his world.

Ø Картина:

An oil painting – картина, написанная масляными красками

Still life painting – натюрморт

A collection of paintings – собрание картин

An exquisite piece of painting – превосходная/изысканная картина

Syn. canvas– картина, холст

The beauty faded out of the canvas – красота исчезла с картины

6. Colour

n

Ø Цвет, тон, оттенок:

Bright/dark/rich/cool/warm/dull/faded colours

Colour scheme – палитра; цветовое оформление: in this colour scheme blue and green predominate

To watch the play of colours upon the water – наблюдать игру цветов на воде

Ø Краска, красящее вещество:

To paint smth. in (dark) bright colours – описать яркими/тёмными красками, представить в розовом/мрачном свете

Ø Румянец:

She has very little colour today – она сегодня очень бледна.

Off colour – нездоровый, болезненный, в плохом настроении

vt/i

Ø Окраситься:

The leaves have begun to colour.

Ø Приукрасить:

News is often coloured in newspapers.

Coloured

adj

Ø Окрашенный:

Cream-coloured – кремового цвета

Flesh-coloured – телесного цвета

A coloured print – цветная краска

A multicoloured handkerchief – разноцветный, пёстротканый платок

Wet pebbles are multicoloured and beautiful – мокрый горный хрусталь красивый и красочный

Colourless

adj

Ø Бесцветный

Ø Бледный

Ø Бесцветный, неинтересный:

A colourless story (person) – бесцветная, неинтересная история (личность)

Ant. colourful

Colouring

n

Ø Окрас, расцветка, чувство цвета:

Gaudy colouring – броская окраска

Subtle colouring – искусная, мало заметная окраска

Colourist

n

Ø Художник-колорист (тот, чьи работы характеризуются красотой работы с цветом)

7. Doubt

n

Ø Сомнение, неуверенность:

There is (can be) no/not much/some/great/slight doubt about it.

I have no/not much/little (не сомневаться)/not the slightest doubt that he will come.

I have doubts as to his intentions – у меня есть сомнения в том, что касается его намерений

No doubt – без сомнения: she will no doubt cope with work

All this doubt and uncertainty made her very unhappy.

vt/i

Ø Сомневаться, быть неуверенным, колебаться:

To doubt the truth of smth. – ставить под сомнение правдивость ч-л.

To doubt the facts – сомневаться в фактах

To doubt smb.’s ability to do smth. – ставить под сомнение чью-л. способность сделать ч-л.

Do you doubt his honesty? – Ты сомневаешься в его честности?

To doubt if/whether smth. is correct/true/wrong / smb. will do smth.: I doubt whether he will come

Not to doubt that

Doubtful

adj

Ø Неуверенный, сомневающийся, неопределённый; сомнительный, вызывающий подозрения:

The weather looks very doubtful – похоже, погода не определилась.

He is a doubtful character – у него сомнительная репутация

To be (feel) doubtful as to – не знать: I’m doubtful as to what I ought to do – я не знаю, что мне делать

Ant. doubtless

Doubtless, by this time, they are well on their way in quite another direction.

8. Select

vt

Ø Отбирать, избирать:

To select for superior qualities – отбирать по превосходным качествам

To select a gift – подбирать талант

To select a suitable person – выбрать подходящего человека

To select the best singers

To select the most typical cases – отобрать наиболее типичные случаи

To select the best samples – выбрать наилучшие образцы

To select a site for the monument – выбрать место для памятника

A series of Italian views decked (украшать) the walls, a connoisseur ( ценитель, знаток) had selected them, they are genuine and valuable.

The party was admirably selected – свита была блестяще отобрана

Syn. to choose, to pick

The small girl chose the biggest apple in the dish.

I picked this way because it is the shortest.

Selection

n

Ø Выбор, отбор, подбор:

Natural selection – естественный отбор

Artificial selection – искусственный отбор, селекция

A selection from Shakespeare/Russian composers – сборник, выборка произведений Шекспира/русских композиторов

Poetry, prose selections – сборники поэзии, прозы

A good selection of paintings (goods, etc.) – хороший подбор, набор картин/товаров

9. Size

n

Ø Размер:

It was about the size of a pea-nut.

Ø Размер (одежды, обуви):

What size shoes/gloves/collar do you wear? – Size 36 shoes.

I want a hat a size larger/smaller.

They bought him a coat a size (two sizes) too large/small for him.

They are both of a size – они оба крупные

-sized

adj (in compounds)

Ø Определённого размера:

Medium-sized – среднего размера

A life-sized portrait – портрет в натуральную величину

A fair-sized maple tree – большой клён

10. Effort

n

Ø Усилие:

A heroic/tremendous (колоссальный)/last/strong/great/desperate effort

Continued/constant/vain (тщетный) efforts

With an almost visible effort the young man regained his control.

He made an effort to rise but his legs wouldn’t support him.

With a strong mental effort Dir Lawrence tried to place himself in a like (сходный, похожий) dilemma

It was such an effort to get up on those dark winter mornings.

To do smth. with an effort / without effort:

He collected himself with an effort – он с усилием взял себя в руки/опомнился, пришёл в себя

He lifted the box without effort.

To make an (every, no) effort: I will make every/no effort to help him.

To cost smb. much effort to do smth. – потребовать многих усилий: It cost me much effort of will to give up tobacco.

To spare no effort(s) – не жалеть сил: the police promised to spare no effort(s) in their search/searching for the missing child.

 

Word combinations and phrases

To be in a good (bad) shape

At a great sacrifice to one’s health – ценой больших жёртв здоровьем, принеся в жертву здоровье

To take up art (painting)

To avert the disaster – предотвратить катастрофу

To look at smb./smth. appraisingly – оценивающе смотреть на к-л., ч-л.

A box of water-colours

A tube of oils

To send smth. to the cleaner’s

To become involved in smth.

To execute a picture (a statue) – создавать, ваять картину (статую)

To exhibit smth. in a show

A lifetime dream – мечта всей жизни

A mature artist – зрелый художник

To become a laughing-stock – стать посмешищем

To be accepted for the show – пройти на выставку

An inconspicuous place – неприметное место

To blush to the top of one’s ears

The close of the exhibition

To award a prize (a medal) – присудить награду/приз (медаль)


UNIT 6

Speech patterns

1. Выманить обманом:

You tricked that blockhead out of them. George always managed to trick Tom out of some money. At the market I was cheated out of three roubles. I did not give Ann the tickets, she tricked me out of them.

2. Не из тех, с кем можно / на кого можно:

I am not to be trifled with (с кем можно шутить, кого можно не принимать всерьёз). I am not to be shouted at. He is not to be interfered with. She is not to be laughed at.

3. Дать волю, предаваться [эмоции]:

Lady gave way to her temper. Never give way to your despair. She gave way to her tears. Don’t give way to panic.

4. Кто [ты] такой, чтобы …?:

Who are you that you should presume to speak to me in that coarse way? Who are you that you should shout at me? Who is she that we should wait for her? Who is she that she should order us about?

5. Как раз в тот момент, когда ...:

The moment he takes them, she hurries across to the other side of the room. The moment he saw Jane, he rushed to her. The moment he turns up, send for me. The moment you need me, I’ll come.

6. Стоить, требовать, потребовать:

It will cost nothing to give it to me. It cost him a lot of trouble to help us. It required me much effort to move the furniture. It will take you little time to do the job.

7. Из злобы/отчаяния/страха/неприязни:

It has been sent to you out of sheer malice. I did it out of despair. She acted out of fear. He contradicted her out of sheer spite.

8. Почему бы не ...?:

Then why not send it to her husband? Why not go there at once? Why not open the window? Why not tell her the truth?

 

Text “THE MAN OF DESTINY”

The man of destiny – избранник судьбы

A little inn in North Italy – маленькая гостиница в Северной Италии

To put somebody under arrest

A dispatch (dispatch) – депеша (дип.)

He said that an unknown youth had tricked him out of the letters and dispatches

A tall and extraordinary graceful Lady with a delicately intelligent face – высокая элегантная Леди с лицом, на котором написан утончённый ум

Character in the chin – нрав виден по подбородку

All keen, refined, and original – предельно проницательный, благородный и [самобытный] не поддающийся влиянию

She’s very feminine, but by no means weak – она очень женственная, но никоим образом не слабая

…, my lad.

To disguise oneself as smb. – нарядиться кем-л.

To affright – испугать

To be highly indignant at [his] having dared to touch [her] – чрезвычайно негодовать, что [он] посмел дотронуться до [неё]

To appeal to smb. – обращаться с призывом, взывать

Caution

n

Ø Осторожность, предосторожность, осмотрительность:

When you cross a busy street you should use caution – переходя оживлённую улицу, следует соблюдать осторожность.

Caution visibly held him back – было видно, как осторожность сдерживает/удерживает его

Caution was the only virtue he recognized – осторожность была единственной благодетелью, которую он признавал

vt

Ø Предостерегать, выносить предупреждение (against):

The teacher cautioned us against being late – учитель предупредил нас, чтобы мы не опаздывали.

Precaution

n

Ø Предосторожность, мера предосторожности; предусмотрительность:

They took precautions against the flood – они предприняли меры предосторожности от наводнения

I insist that ordinary precautions be taken – Я настаиваю на соблюдении обычных мер предосторожности

6. Slip

vt/i

Ø Скользить; ускользнуть от к-л, ч-л:

The tablecloth slipped off the table – скатерть соскользнула со стола.

The fish slipped out of his hands – рыба выскользнула из его рук

Ø Поскользнуться, оступиться:

She slipped and would have fallen if I had not steadied her.

Ø Отнестись невнимательно, забыть:

The name has slipped my attention (my memory, my mind) – ускользнуть от внимания (забыть, вылететь из головы)

Ø Прошмыгнуть, пройти незаметно:

He slipped out of the house unnoticed.

She slipped away for half an hour or so – она ушла незаметно (не прощаясь) где-то на полчаса

Happiness slipped by me – счастье прошло мимо меня

Ø Ошибиться, сделать ошибку по невнимательности:

He slips in his grammar.

Ø Быстро натянуть/стянуть:

He hurriedly slipped on (off) his clothes.

Ø Сунуть:

She slipped the letter into an envelope and sealed it.

n

Ø Длинная узкая полоса бумаги:

May I use this slip of paper to mark a page? – Можно я использую эту полоску бумаги, чтобы отметить страницу?

Ø Ошибка, промах, оговорка, описка, сдвиг:

A slip of the tongue – оговорка, обмолвка

A slip of the pen – описка

In this dreadful abyss a slip of the foot meant death – в этой кошмарной пропасти оступиться значило умереть

Ø Скольжение, сползание, смещение:

To give smb. the slip – сбежать, улизнуть от кого-л., оторваться от кого-л.

Slippery adj

Ø Скользкий:

It’s so slippery today, please be careful!

Slippers n

Ø Тапочки

7. Bitteradj

Ø Резкий, горький (на вкус похожий на хинин), мучительный, сильный, резкий, жестокий:

Bitter words – горькие, ожесточённые, язвительные слова

Bitter complaints – серьёзные жалобы

Bitter disappointment – жгучее разочарование

A bitter smile – язвительная улыбка: His lips twisted into a bitter smile

A bitter remark – горькие слова, язвительное замечание

A bitter wind – резкий ветер: A bitter wind beat into his face

A bitter enemy – злейший враг

A bitter row – сильная ссора

Bitterlyadv

Ø Горько, мучительно, ожесточённо:

He laughed bitterly.

“How could you be so blind?” she said bitterly.

Ø Очень; ужасно (усил.):

It was bitterly cold. Syn. (colloq.) bitter: It was bitter cold.

8. Stir

vt/i

Ø (vt) Размешивать, колыхать, взбалтывать:

To stir tea / coffee / porridge

The beauty of the picture stirred in me a most enthusiastic sense of admiration.

To stir the fire – помешать огонь в камине/печке

Stirred wasps’ nest – разворошенное осиное гнездо

Ø (vt) Шевелить, двигать:

The wind stirred the leaves – ветер шевелил листья

Not to stir a finger – и пальцем не пошевелить: What kind of friend is he? He wouldn’t stir a finger to help me.

Not to stir an eyelid – глазом не моргнуть: It's amazing how calm Ruth took the news: she did not stir an eyelid.

Ø (vt) Двигаться, находиться в движении:

It was so still, not a leaf stirred – было так безветренно, что и лист не шелохнулся

Unit Seven

SPEECH PATTERNS

1. I havealways hesitated to give advice.

 

Ihesitated to ask him for help.

He didn't hesitate to take such a big risk.

Don't hesitate to refuse the offer if you don't like it.

How can one advise another unless one knowsthat other as well as one knows himself?

They won't accept your plan unless you alter it.

You'll fail unless you work hard.

Unless I'm mistaken, he's an artist.

Unless he's done the work properly, I shan't accept it.

He had some difficulty in lighting it.

I have some difficulty in understanding sp

oken German.

She had some difficulty in finding the house.

We had some difficulty in selecting a present for her.

I had some difficulty in writing an essay.

He gave an apologetic laugh.

I had not given himmore than a cursory glance.

The girl gave a deep sigh. Jim gave a loud cry (groan). She gave me a critical look.

Topical Vocabulary

1. Virtuous (good) characteristics:affable, amiable, good-na­tured, good-humoured, kind, kind-hearted, communicative, socia­ble, friendly, modest, discreet, generous, considerate, attentive, thoughtful, earnest, sincere, enthusiastic, calm, quiet, composed, self-possessed, honest, merciful, impartial, just, patient, forebear-ing, sympathetic, respectable, cordial, broad-minded, witty, intelli­gent, dignified, capable, benevolent, philanthropic, scrupulous, consistent, easy-going, affectionate, devoted, loyal, courageous, persevering, industrious, hard-working, sweet, gentle, proud.

2. Evil (bad) characteristics:ill-natured, unkind, hard-hearted, reserved, uncommunicative, unsociable, hostile, haughty, arro­gant, dashing, showy, indiscreet, unscrupulous, greedy, inconsis­tent, tactless, insincere, hypocritical, false, vulgar, double-faced, indifferent, dispassionate, fussy, unrestrained, dishonest, cruel, partial, intolerant, conceited, self-willed, wilful, capricious, per­verse, insensible, inconsiderate, servile, presumptuous, deceitful, harsh, sulky, sullen, obstinate, coarse, rude, vain, impertinent, im­pudent, revengeful.

 

Unit Eight

SPEECH PATTERNS


1.Frank Ashurst and his friend Robert Garton were on a tramp.

Perhaps he struck her as strange.

They were on a hike.

We shall go on an excursion tomorrow.

I shall start on a tour next Sunday.

He will set out on a trip early in the morning.

The whole affair strikes me as queer.

The suggestion struck him as tempting.

That I found nobody at home struck me as odd.

Her question struck me as naive.

According to their map they hadstill some seven miles to go.

We have two hours to while away.

They still have a lot to do.

Jane still has two exams to take.

He has letters to mail.

Both were (as) thin as rails.

The boy is really as obstinate as a mule. She was as good as her word.

You're as sulky as a bear, what's the matter? And let me tell you he is as cross as two sticks.

Garton's hair was a kind ofdark unfathomed mop.Passing through a sort of porch...

It was a sort of box.

It was a kind of game.

We spent the night in a sort of hut.

Garton was like someprimeval beast.She looked like a wild flower.

He looked like a huge bear. The cloth looks like silk.

 

EXPLANATORY NOTES

1. to make Chagford:to reach Chagford — a town in Devonshire.

2. Ashurst's football knee:the knee that Ashurst hurt in playing football.

3. thin as rails:It is a stable set-expression, somewhat hackneyed and trite. The list of such similes in English is fairly long. They do not create fresh and vivid images, but are frequently used by the writers as they are easily understood and grasped by the reader.

4. round-the-corner:absent-minded.

5. was talking through his hat:was talking nonsense.

6. took up the catechism:continued questioning smb. closely.

7. Scotch fir:common North European pine.

8. we've gone down(at Oxford and Cambridge): we've left the University.

9. strame, sittin', an':dialectical forms in Devonshire and Wales.

10. Theocritus[Gfokntas]: 270 B. C. Greek pastoral poet.

11. the river Cherwell['tjawal]: a river in Oxfordshire.

 

12. maiden(chiefly liter.): a girl, a young unmarried woman.

13. He thought of Theocritus, and the river Cherwell, of the moon, and the maiden with dewy eyes:This is an enumeration, the members of which belong to different spheres. This stylistic device is used by the writer to reveal the character's feelings and meditations.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

Vocabulary Notes

1. trackn 1) a mark left by someone or smth. that has passed, as the tracks of an animal (a car); to leave tracks, to follow the tracks of; tracks in the snow (in the sand); to be on the track of smb.to be in pursuit of smb., e. g. The police were on the track of the thief, to cover up one's tracksto conceal one's movements, e. g. The man was sure he had covered up his tracks. 2) a path, a narrow rough road, as a track through a forest (a field); a narrow, hardly visible track; the beaten trackthe usual way of doing things, e. g. Andrew was not a person to follow the beaten track, to keep (lose) track ofto keep in (lose) touch with, e. g. You should keep track of current events. 3) a set of rails on which trains or trams run, as a single (double) track.

2. outlinen 1) lines showing shapes or boundary, as an outline map (of Africa, Europe, etc.); the outline (outlines) of a building (trees, mountains), e. g. Lanny could hardly make out the outlines of the big house in the dark. 2) a general statement of the chief points of smth., as an outline of a composition (a lecture, a book); in outlinedone roughly, told briefly, e. g. Bosinney showed Soames the design of the house in outline. I can tell you the article in outline.

outlinevt to give the main points of, as to outline a certain historical period (events, etc.); to be outlined against smth.to stand out against smth., e. g. She was outlined against the sky.

3. roughadj 1) (of surfaces) uneven, irregular, coarse, as rough paper,

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