Listen to the following lecture- Minerals: rock components. Fill in the spaces with the missing information. You will hear the lecture twice.

Some rocks can be seen with the naked eye. These particles are (1) _______. These are (2) _______ ______, which have been inorganically formed. They have definite (3) ________ _________- and definite (4)_________ _________. When a rock forms, the chemicals organize themselves into different minerals. There are hundreds of different minerals, but some are more (5) __________ than others. Every rock is made up of a (6) __________ of different minerals. We can divide minerals into (7)_________ broad categories: 1. (8)________________ 2. (9) _____________ (10)_______ is the most common chemical component of the Earth. The most common rock-forming minerals are (11) _________. The simplest mineral of this type is (12) ___________.

It is pure (13) _________. There are metallic elements combined with silica. An example is magnesium-iron silicate called (14) ________. It is the most common mineral of the (15) ___________ crust. The (16) _____crust is rich in (17) ______, so it’s also rich in aluminum silicate, called (18) ________. Compounds containing carbon are called (19) ________. The most important is (20) _________. It is an (21) _________ mineral, because it’s affected by (22) ___________. The silicates contain (23) ________. Because of their chemical nature, these metals are impossible to remove. (24)_______are metals that contain oxygen and are important ore minerals. Examples are (25) _________ and (26) ________. A metal combined with sulfur forms a (27) ________. These include (28) _______ and (29) _________.

DISCUSSION

5.1 Complete the mind map. Discuss the following questions:

· What are the properties of a mineral (rock)?

· What are the main features of a mineral (rock)?

· What is the definition of a mineral (rock)

MINERALS

ROCKS

EXPLORATORY SPEAKING (short talk)

1. Problem: What is the difference between rocks and minerals?

2. Analysis of the problem

3. Conclusion

Use the mind-maps and the table below. Don’t forget communicative formulas.

Communicative formulas

No doubt / undoubtedly	It’s of great value / no value
It permits (the growing, the spreading) of…	I’m afraid I disagree with you I entirely agree with you
It’s the only observation method of….	One believes that
What’s the role of…	My impressions is that
This is essential for…	I think / I guess
The way (period, process) I’ve mentioned	Besides, …..
In particular	My question is whether…
At a wide (narrow) angle of view	The point is that…
For instance…	The more…the greater…

Terms

Coarse-grained- крупнозернистый	Arrangement- размещение, характер укладки
Fine-grained- мелкозернистый	Homogeneity- однородность
Crystalline- кристаллический	Texture- структура
Glassy- стекловатый	Structure- текстура
Crystal face- кристаллическая грань/плоскость	Constituent- составная часть; компонент
Bulk- валовая	Bedding- слоистость, напластование
Spatial- пространственный	Foliation- сланцеватость
Schistosity- сланцеватость	Cavity- каверна (в породе)
Abundance- относительное содержание; масса	Vesicularity- пористость, пузырчатость (о текстуре)

Table 4. Rocks and minerals

WORDLIST

PRONUNCIATION

apatite	[׳æpətaɪt]
aragonite	[ə׳rægənaɪt]
asbestos	[æz׳bestɔs]
brucite	[׳bru:saɪt]
calcite	[׳kælsaıt]
carbonate	[׳kɑ:bən(e)ɪt]
columnar	[kə׳lʌmnə]
conchoidal	[kɔŋ׳kɔɪd(ə)l]
cycle	[saɪkl]
dodecahedral	[׳dəudɪkə׳hedr(ə)l]
dolomite	[׳dɔləmaıt]
feldspar	[׳feldspɑ:]
fluorite	[׳fluəraɪt]
galena	[gə׳li:nə]
gypsum	[׳dʒɪpsəm]
halide	[׳hælaıd]
halite	[׳hælaıt]
hematite	[׳hemətaɪt]
heterogeneity	[͵het(ə)ro(u)dʒə׳ni:ɪtɪ]
homogeneity	[͵hɔmo(u)dʒə׳ni:ɪtɪ]
hydroxide	[haɪ׳drɔksaɪd]
limonite	[׳laɪmənaɪt]
magnetite	[׳mægnɪtaɪt]
metamorphism	[͵metə׳mɔ:fɪzm]
mica	[׳maɪkə]
monazite	[׳mɔnəzaɪt]
orthoclase	[׳ɔ:θəkleɪs]
orthogonal	[ɔ:׳θɔgənl]
oxide	[׳ɔksaɪd]
phosphate	[׳fɔsfeɪt]
pinacoidal	[pɪnə׳kɔɪdəl]
plagioclase	[׳pleɪdʒɪəkleɪs]
pyramidal	[pɪ׳ræmɪdl]
pyrite	[׳paıraıt]
quartz	[kwɔ:ts]
rhomboidal	[rɔm׳bɔɪd(ə)l]
schistosity	[∫ɪs׳tɔsɪtɪ]
silicate	[׳sɪlɪk(e)ɪt]
spatial	[׳speɪ∫(ə)l]
sulfate	[׳sʌl feɪt]
sulfide	[׳sʌlfaɪd]
talc	[tælk]
texture	[׳tekst∫ə]
topaz	[׳toupæz]
translucent	[trænz׳lu:s(ə)nt]
transparency	[træns׳pεərənsɪ]
tungstate	[׳tʌŋsteɪt]
vesicularity	[vɪsɪkju׳lærɪtɪ]
wolframite	[׳wulfrəmaɪt]

TERMS

cementation	цементация
compaction	уплотнение
deposition	отложение (осадочного материала)
effusive	эффузивный, вулканический
erosion	эрозия
extrusion	экструзия (магмы)
extrusive	экструзивный
igneous rock	магматическая порода
intrusion	интрузия (магмы)
intrusive	интрузивный, плутонический
magma	магма
melt	расплав
metamorphic rock	метаморфическая порода
metamorphism	метаморфизм
rock cycle	геохимический цикл
sedimentary rock	осадочная порода
sedimentary sequence	осадочный комплекс
weathered rock	выветрелая порода
weathering	выветривание

WORDS AND PHRASES

breakdown	разрушение, распад
crystallize	кристаллизироваться
deform (deformation)	деформировать (деформаця)
deposit (deposition)	осаждаться (отложение)
differentiation	дифференциация, разделение
erode (erosion)	эродировать (эрозия)
exchange	обмен
fluid	текучая среда, флюид
fractionation	разделение на фракции
fusion	расплавление; синтез, слияние
granulation	грануляция
heterogeneity	гетерогенность, неоднородность
lithify (lithification)	литифицироваться (литификация)
metamorphose (metamorphism)	подвергаться метаморфизму, изменяться (метаморфизм)
path	тропа, путь, дорога
recrystallization	перекристаллизация
refractory	тугоплавкий
remelt (remelting)	переплавляться (переплавление)
residual	остаточный
reworking	переработка
sedimentation	осаждение, осадконакопление
to accelerate	ускорять
to penetrate	проникать внутрь
uplift	поднятие
variable	изменчивый, переменная величина

UNIT 5

IGNEOUS ROCKS

COMPREHENSION

Предыдущая 6 7 8 9 10 11 121314 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Следующая

Последнее изменение этой страницы: 2016-08-20

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